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Effects of Different Irrigation Methods and Regimes on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Apple Trees

1999; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Volume: 23; Linguagem: Inglês

1303-6173

A.I. Köksal, Hatice Dumanoğlu, Nurdan Tuna Güneş,

Irrigation Practices and Water Management

haz›rlanan sulama programlar›n›n da elma aaclar› uzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi onem tafl›maktad›r. Bu cal›flmada, etkili kok derinliindeki kullan›labilir su tutma kapasitesi ve A s›n›f› kaptan olculen buharlaflma miktar› esas al›narak haz›rlanan farkl› sulama programlar›n›n damla, aacalt› mikro yamurlama ve yuzey sulama Ozet: Bu cal›flma, co¤ur anaclar uzerine afl›l› Starkspur Golden Delicious ve Starkrimson elma aaclar›n›n vejetatif geliflimi, meyve verim ve kalitesi uzerine farkl› sulama yontemleri ve programlar›n›n etkisini belirlemek uzere Ankara koflullar›nda yurutulmufltur. Sulama programlar›, 120 cm toprak derinliindeki kullan›labilir su tutma kapasitesinin %30'u (S10) ve %50'si (S20) tuketildiinde sulamaya bafllama ile A S›n›f› kaptan olculen buharlaflma miktar›n›n %75'i (S11-S21) ve %100'u (S12-S22) kadar sulama suyunun hem S10 ve hem de S20'nin sulama aral›¤›nda uygulanmas›d›r. Uygulanan sulama suyu miktar›, damla ve aacalt› mikro yamurlama sulama yontemlerinde, yuzey sulamaya gore s›ras›yla %28-46 ve %12-24 ve toplam bitki su tuketimi s›ras›yla %20-32 ve %8-19 daha dufluk bulunmufltur. Son y›lda damla sulama yonteminde S10 program›nda Starkspur Golden Delicious'da govde kesit alan›ndaki y›ll›k art›fl miktar› 29.0 cm 2 , surgun uzunluu 22.5 cm, birim govde kesit alan›na duflen verim 0.24 kg/cm 2 ve ekstra meyve oran› %17.42 olarak belirlenmifltir. Bu deerler, Starkrimson'da s›ras›yla 19.0 cm 2 , 21.6 cm, 0.19 kg/cm 2 ve %24.17'dir. Ayn› sulama yonteminde S21 program›nda bu parametre deerleri, Starkspur Golden Delicious'da s›ras›yla 25.9 cm 2 , 25.1 cm, 0.26 kg/cm 2 ve %16.18, Starkrimson'da 21.5 cm 2 , 20.0 cm, 0.26 kg/cm 2 ve %25.94'dur. Her iki ceflitte de damla sulama yontemi icin 120 cm toprak derinliindeki kullan›labilir su tutma kapasitesinin %30'u tuketildiinde sulamaya bafllanmas› (p=0.30) (S10) ya da ortalama 9 gun ara ile A S›n›f› kaptan olculen buharlaflma miktar›n›n %75'i kadar sulama suyu uygulanmas› (SA=9 gun, 0.75 Ep) (S21) onerilmifltir. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods and Regimes on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Apple Trees Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods and regimes on the vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality of 'Starkspur Golden Delicious' and 'Starkrimson' apple trees on seedling rootstocks in Ankara conditions. Irrigation regimes were started to apply water when 30% (S10) and 50% (S20) of available water holding capacity in 120 cm soil depth were consumed and to apply water amount of 75% (S11-S21) and 100% (S12-S22) of Class A pan evaporation with the irrigation intervals of the S10 and S20 regimes. Irrigation water applied in drip and undertree microsprinkler irrigation methods was less than 28-46% and 12-24% and total evapotranspiration was found less than 20-32% and 8-19%, respectively, than the surface irrigation. In the last year, annual increment in trunk section area being as 29 cm 2 , shoot length being as 22.5 cm, yield per trunk cross section unit area being as 0.24 kg/cm 2 and extra fruit ratio being as 17.42% were determined in Starkspur Golden Delicious for S10 regime of drip irrigation. These values were 19.0 cm 2 , 21.6 cm, 0.19 kg/cm 2 and 24.17%, respectively, in Starkrimson. In the same irrigation method for S21 regime values of these parameters were 25.9 cm 2 , 25.1 cm, 0.26 kg/cm 2 and 16.18% in Starkspur Golden Delicious, and 21.5 cm 2 , 20.0 cm, 0.26 kg/cm 2 and 25.94% in Starkrimson, respectively. Drip irrigation was more convenient both cultivars and irrigation should start when 30% of available water holding capacity in 120 cm soil depth was consumed (p=0.30) (S10) or 75% of Class A pan evaporation measured in 9 days intervals should be applied (IA=9 days, 0.75 Ep) (S21).