Ab/normal Looking
2005; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 5; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/14680770500112020
ISSN1471-5902
Autores Tópico(s)European history and politics
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements I would like to thank Marge Frantz for her generous spirit, and for opening up the world of the 1950s and 1960s to me. Notes 1. No book-length academic studies have been done. Of two lesbian literary anthologies, Faderman (1994 Faderman, Lillian. 1981. Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women from the Renaissance to the Present, New York: Morrow. [Google Scholar], p. vii) explicitly says pulps are not worthy of attention and excludes them even though she includes admittedly homophobic writing, writing by sexologists and scientists, and writing by men. Terry Castle (2003 castle, terry, ed. 2003. “The Literature of Lesbianism: A Historical Anthology from Ariosto to Stonewall”. New York: Columbia University Press. [Google Scholar]) finds the sheer quantity of lesbian representation in pornography important, yet neither discusses nor anthologizes lesbian pulps, other than three that were originally published as “literary” (what I call elsewhere “recycled pulps”). Pulps are mentioned in passing in work by: John D'Emilio (1983 Chauncey, George Jr. 1994. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940, New York: Basic-Harper. [Google Scholar], p. 135); Lillian Faderman (1981 Edelman, Lee. 1993. “Tearooms and sympathy, or, the epistemology of the water closet”. In The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, Edited by: Henry, Abelove, Michèle Aina, Barale and Halperin, David M. 553–574. New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar], pp. 355-356, 378, 383, 392, 1991 Epstein, Barbara. 1994. “‘Anti-communism, homophobia, and the construction of masculinity in the postwar U.S.’, Critical Sociology, no. 3”. Vol. 20, 21–44. [Google Scholar], pp. 146-147, 185); and Bonnie Zimmerman (1990 Weir, Angela and wilson, elizabeth. 1992. “The Greyhound bus station in the evolution of lesbian popular culture”. In New Lesbian Criticism: Literary and Cultural Readings, Edited by: Sally, Munt. 95–114. New York: Columbia UP. [Google Scholar], pp. 9, 13, 22, 31). Fortunately a reassessment of lesbian pulp has begun. An initial much neglected foray, Maida Tilchen and Fran Koski's (1975 Server, Lee. 1994. Over My Dead Body: The Sensational Age of the American Paperback: 1945–1955, San Francisco: Chronicle Books. [Google Scholar]) article defended lesbian pulp from seventies feminist political sensibilities. Augmented by republication of some pulps in the 1970s (Arno Press), in the 1980s (Naiad Press and Timely Books), and in the 1990s (Quality Paperback Book Club); the reappraisal began in the late eighties and early nineties in the work of scholars such as Susanna Benns (1986 Benns, Susanna. 1986. “Sappho in soft cover: notes on lesbian pulp”. In Fireworks: The Best of Fireweed, Edited by: Makeda, Silvera. 61–68. Toronto: The Women's Press. [Google Scholar]), Alison Hennegan (1988 Hennegan, Alison. 1988. “On becoming a lesbian reader”. In Sweet Dreams: Sexuality Gender and Popular Fiction Edited by: Susannah, Radstone, Lawrence and Wishart. 165–190. London [Google Scholar]), Suzanna Danuta Walters (1989 Suzanna Danuta, Walters. 1989. ‘As her hand crept slowly up her thigh: Ann Bannon and the politics of pulp’, Social Text: Theory/Culture/Ideology, Vol. 23, 83–101. no. 8/2 [Google Scholar]), Kate Adams (1990 Adams, Kate. 1990. “Making the world safe for the missionary position: images of the lesbian in post-World War II America”. In Lesbian Texts and Contexts: Radical Revisions, Edited by: Karla, Jay and Joanne, Glasgow. 255–274. New York: New York University Press. [Google Scholar]), Diane Hamer (1990 Hamer, Diane. 1990. “I am a woman”: Ann Bannon and the writing of lesbian identity in the 1950s”. In Lesbian and Gay Writing, Edited by: Mark, Lilly. New York: Macmillan. [Google Scholar]), Donna Penn (1991 Penn, Donna. 1991. The meanings of lesbianism in post-war America. Gender & History, 3(2): 15–22. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Angela Weir & Elizabeth Wilson (1992 Stearn, Jess. 1962. The Sixth Man, New York: McFadden. [1961] [Google Scholar]), and Michèle Aina Barale (1993 Barale, Michèle aina. 1993. “When Jack blinks: si(gh)ting gay desire in Ann Bannon's Beebo Brinker”. In The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, Edited by: Henry, Abelove, Michèle, Aina Barale and Halperin, David M. 604–615. New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]). It was complemented by more popular work (1980-2001), of Andrea Loewenstein (1980 Loewenstein, Andrea. 1980. “Sad stories: a reflection on the fiction of Ann Bannon”. In Gay Community News 8+ 24 May [Google Scholar]), Roberta Yusba (1985a Terry, Jennifer. 1999. An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and the Place of Homosexuality in Modern Society, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 1985b Tilchen, Maida and Koski, Fran. 1975. Some pulp sappho. Margins, 23: 41–45. [Google Scholar], 1991 Walker, Lisa. 2003. “Afterword”. In The Girls in 3-B, reprinted as part of Femmes Fatales: Women Write Pulp, Edited by: Valerie, Taylor. New York: The Feminist Press. [Google Scholar]), Eric Garber (1989a Foucault, Michel. 1999. “The Panopticon”. In in Visual Culture: The Reader, Edited by: Jessica, Evans and Stuart, Hall. London: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar], 1989b Fuss, Diana. 1995. Identification Papers, New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]), Kate Brandt (1993 Brandt, Kate. 1993. Happy Endings, Tallahassee: Naiad Press. [Google Scholar]), Dorothy Allison (1994 Allison, Dorothy. 1994. “A personal history of lesbian porn”. In Skin: Talking About Sex, Class and Literature, 193Ithaca: Firebrand Books. [Google Scholar]), Lee Server (1994 Server, Lee. 1994. Over My Dead Body: The Sensational Age of the American Paperback: 1945–1955, San Francisco: Chronicle Books. [Google Scholar]), Donna Allegra (1995 Allegra, Donna. 1995. “Between the sheets: my sex life in literature”. In Lesbian Erotics, Edited by: Karla, Jay. 71–81. New York: New York UP. [Google Scholar]), Jaye Zimet (1999 Zimet, Jaye. 1999. Strange Sisters: The Art of Lesbian Pulp Fiction 1949–1969, New York: Viking Studio/Penguin Putnam. [Google Scholar]), and Susan Stryker (2001 Stryker, Susan. 2001. Queer Pulp: Perverted Passions from the Golden Age of the Paperback, San Francisco: Chronicle Books. [Google Scholar]). More recently a “Lesbian Pulp Address Book,” a film (Forbidden Love 1992), and a play (Pulp 2004 Holliday, Don. 1960. The Wild Night, Nightstand Books. [no city given] [Google Scholar]) have surfaced. In 1995 New York University Press released Diana: A Strange Autobiography; while in 2003 the Feminist Press released The Girls in 3-B. Between 2001 and 2004 Cleis Press republished five of Bannon's lesbian pulps as well as Packer's Spring Fire ( 2004 Lord, Sheldon. (1962) The Third Way, Beacon Books, New York [Google Scholar] ). Most recent is the work of scholars such as Yvonne Keller (1999 Keller, Yvonne. 1999. “Pulp politics: strategies of vision in lesbian pulp novels, 1955–1965”. In The Queer Sixties, Edited by: Patricia, Juliana Smith. Routledge. New York [Google Scholar]), Christopher Nealon (2001 Nealon, Christopher. 2001. Foundlings: Lesbian and Gay Historical Emotion Before Stonewall, Durham NC: Duke UP. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Kelly Hankin (2002 Hankin, Kelly. 2002. The Girls in the Back Room: Looking at the Lesbian Bar, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [Google Scholar]), and Lisa Walker (2003 Walker, Lisa. 2003. “Afterword”. In The Girls in 3-B, reprinted as part of Femmes Fatales: Women Write Pulp, Edited by: Valerie, Taylor. New York: The Feminist Press. [Google Scholar]), and research on gay male pulp by David Bergman (1999 Bergman, David. 1999. “The cultural work of sixties gay pulp fiction”. In The Queer Sixties, Edited by: Patricia, Juliana Smith. New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]) and Michael Bronski (2003 Breines, Wini. 1992. Young, White, and Miserable: Growing Up Female in the Fifties, Boston: Beacon. [Google Scholar]). 2. Mulvey's theory was crucial to the field of film studies, and especially feminist film theory. It has been agreed with by many (see for example Mary Ann Doane 1991 Doane, Mary Ann. 1991. “Masquerade reconsidered: further thoughts on the female spectator”. In Femmes Fatales, Edited by: Mary, Ann Doane. New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]), and of course critiqued and furthered by innumerable theorists since then, including Mulvey (and Doane) herself. Many argue against the monolithic quality of her model, arguing for resistant/subversive readings by multiply situated subjects. But I find her argument, while limited, carries great interpretive power for the 1950s exactly because it is a time in which her model held such sway, and especially for lesbian pulps novels, which are so ideologically obvious and simple as to conform to hegemonic norms particularly strongly. 3. For histories of pre-Stonewall g/l/b/t life, see especially: John D'Emilio (1983 Chauncey, George Jr. 1994. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940, New York: Basic-Harper. [Google Scholar], 1992 D'emilio, John. 1983. Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940–1970, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]), Allan Bérubé (1990 Bérubé, Allan. 1990. Coming Out Under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II, New York: Free Press. [Google Scholar]), Lillian Faderman (1991 Faderman, Lillian. 1991. Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America, New York: Columbia University Press. [Google Scholar]), Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy & Madeline D. Davis (1993 Holliday, Don. 1966. The Man from C.A.M.P., San Diego: Corinth Publications. ‘AS TOLD TO’ JACKIE HOLMES [Google Scholar]), George Chauncey, Jr. (1994 castle, terry, ed. 2003. “The Literature of Lesbianism: A Historical Anthology from Ariosto to Stonewall”. New York: Columbia University Press. [Google Scholar]), Scott Bravmann (1997 Bravmann, Scott. 1997. Queer Fictions of the Past: History, Culture, and Difference, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]), Jennifer Terry (1999 Terry, Jennifer. 1999. An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and the Place of Homosexuality in Modern Society, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Elizabeth Armstrong (2002 Armstrong, Elizabeth. 2002. Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]), Nan Alamilla Boyd (2003 Boyd, Nan Alamilla. 2003. Wide-Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965, Berkeley: University of California Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). 4. See Simmons (1990) for ways a female hero in a mostly female discursive space is still easily voyeuristically used by male readers. Additional informationNotes on contributorsYvonne KellerYvonne Keller is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at Miami University-Ohio. Her forthcoming book, is entitled Pulp Sappho: Lesbian Pulp Novels and Spectacularization in U.S. Popular Culture analyzes 1950s and 60s lesbian pulp novels in the USKellerY@muohio.edu
Referência(s)