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Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para la drogadicción: nicotina, alcohol, cocaína y heroína

2001; Cologio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado; Volume: 13; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Espanhol

0214-9915

Roberto Secades‐Villa, José Ramón Fernández Hermida,

Smoking Behavior and Cessation

Los t ra s t o rnos por abuso de drogas con stitu yen un o de l os pro blemas de sal ud publi ca mas import a n t e s , por l o que el desarrol lo de programas de tratamiento eficaces es un asunt o de gran re l e vancia. Las cl as i ficacio nes diag no sticas tradici onal es pro p o rcionan escasa uti lidad clini ca desde el punto de vis ta ap l i cado , sin embargo, un a expli caci o n bio -conductual del feno meno ap o rta una in fo rmacio n re l evante para l a comp rensio n del p ro bl ema y l a pl ani ficacio n del tratami ent o. En la actualidad, existe suficiente s op o rte empiri co que avala la eficacia de l as terapias conductuales en la dependencia a la n ico tina, alcohol , cocaina y heroina. Una caracteris tica esenci al es que es tas tecnicas se apli can dentro de paquetes de t ratamiento en combinaci o n, fre c u e n t e m e n t e, con terapias fa rm a c o l o g icas. Sin embargo, a p esar de esta re l a t iva efi caci a, las t asas de recaidas si guen siendo el evadas . En est e sentido, se su gi e ren va r ias lineas de inve s t i gaci o n futuras diri gid as a re s o l ver el descenso de l os resultados a l argo plazo . Efficacious of psychological treatments for drug-addiction: nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and heroin.Disorders resulting from drug abuse currentl y constitute one of the most impor tant problems for public health, and the development of effective tr eatment programmes is a highly relevant issue. Traditional diagnostic classifications are of little c linical use fr om the applied point of view; however, a bio-behavioral e xplanation of the phenomenon contributes relevant inf ormation for the understanding of the problem and the planning of treatment. There is currently sufficient empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of behavioral ther apies in the tr eatment of nicotine , alcohol, cocaine and heroin dependence. An essential c haracteristic is that these tec hniques are applied as part of treatment packag es, which often inc lude pharmacological therapies. Nevertheless, despite this r elative effectiveness, relapse rates continue to be high. In vie w of this, various lines of r esearch are suggested, with the aim of finding ways to maintain positive results in the long ter m.