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How Does the 1979 Iranian Revolution Affect Current Iranian Fundamentalism and International Politics?

2010; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 5; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/19361610.2010.484835

1936-1629

Eric Inafuku,

Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence

Abstract The 1979 Iranian Revolution played a crucial role in the development of Shia fundamentalism in Iran and throughout the Middle East. Since the 1979 Revolution, religion in Iran has transitioned from a social movement calling for reform, to a fundamentalist ideology that is resistant to change. This article then investigates how this transition has occurred and its contribution to current international relations, specifically fundamentalist alliances with Iran and the creation of the Iranian nuclear program. Finally, the article analyzes the topic of how nuclear proliferation in Iran may be linked to international nuclear terrorism. KEYWORDS: Shia fundamentalismrevolutionary fundamentalismnuclear weaponterrorism Notes 1. Stoica 2. 2. Selbin 37. 3. Hamzeh. 4. Zeidan; Araghi. 5. Balci 2. 6. Balci 2; Zeidan. 7. Zeidan. 8. Vannebo 3; Zeidan. 9. Zeidan. 10. Vannebo 5. 11. Beck 13. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Vannebo 6; Riesebrodt 281–282. 15. Zeidan. 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. 18. Stoica 11. 19. Parsa 4. 20. “Profile: Sheik Hassan Nasrallah.” 21. Stoica 19. 22. Ibid. 20. 23. Ashraf 240; Stoica 21. 24. Stoica 21. 25. Ibid. 23. 26. Vannebo 7. 27. Zeidan. 28. Vannebo 7. 29. Ibid. 8. 30. Zeidan. 31. Vannebo 10. 32. Balci 22. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid. 35. Ibid. 23–24. 36. Balci 25; Skocpol 272. 37. Parsa 6. 38. Ibid. 39. Selbin 38; Parsa 6. 40. Parsa 6. 41. Ibid. 7. 42. Ibid. 43. Balci 24. 44. Parsa 3. 45. Balci 25. 46. Ibid. 22–23. 47. Stoica 19. 48. Parsa 7. 49. Ibid. 7, 9. 50. Parsa 5. 51. Ibid. 52. Zeidan. 53. Parsa 10. 54. Ibid. 55. Ibid. 56. Ibid. 11. 57. Ibid. 58. Ibid. 16. 59. Skocpol 275. 60. Balci 3. 61. Beck 5. 62. Ashraf 241; Beck 9. 63. Beck 9. 64. Ibid. 65. Beck 9; Selbin 42. 66. Balci 3. 67. Beck 5. 68. Stoica 6. 69. Ibid. 70. Ibid. 7. 71. Ibid. 72. Ibid. 9. 73. Ibid. 74. Ashraf 238. 75. Ashraf 238; Selbin 43. 76. Selbin 41. 77. Ashraf 239. 78. Ibid. 241. 79. Ibid. 80. Ibid. 81. Ashraf 241; Selbin 19. 82. Ashraf 242–243. 83. Ibid. 243. 84. Ibid. 85. Beck 1. 86. Ibid. This is what may have occurred in the controversial election of Iranian President Ahmadinejad in 2009. 87. Ashraf 244. 88. Ibid. 245. 89. Ibid. 247. 90. Ibid. 249. 91. Ibid. 247. 92. Ibid. 93. Ibid. 250. 94. Ibid. 95. Ibid. 251. 96. Stoica 17. 97. Ibid. 98. Tezcur 1. 99. Zeidan. 100. Araghi 7. 101. Parsa 6. 102. Araghi 8. 103. Vannebo 3; Zeidan. 104. Zeidan. 105. Parsa 9. 106. Ibid. 107. Zeidan. 108. Ibid. 109. Beck 5. 110. Zeidan. 111. Amidror. 112. Pahlavi 7. 113. Ibid. 15. 114. Ibid. 6. 115. Ibid. 8. 116. Ibid. 5. 117. Amidror. 118. Ibid. 119. Amidror; Pahlavi 9. 120. Pahlavi 9. 121. Ibid. 122. Ibid. 3. 123. Amidor. 124. Shanahan 2. 125. Pahlavi 5. 126. Ibid. 10. 127. Parker; Pahlavi 7. 128. Amidror; Additionally one sees Salafist extremists in Saudi Arabia come to rise due to the rise of Shiism of the 1979 Islamic Revolution (Pahlavi 4). 129. Amidror. 130. Ibid. 131. Wallerstein. 132. Broad. 133. Wallerstein. 134. Ibid. 135. Ibid. 136. Pahlavi 16. 137. Slackman. 138. Ibid. 139. Ibid. 140. Ibid. 141. Erdbrink. 142. Ibid. 143. LaFranchi. 144. Ibid. 145. Sanger. 146. Ibid. 147. Broad. 148. Ibid. 149. Ibid. 150. Amidror. 151. Zeidan. 152. Parker. 153. Ibid. 154. Ashraf 237. 155. Byman “Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons…” 169. 156. Ibid. 170. 157. Byman “Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons…” 171. 158. Sick 87. 159. Lindsay; Sick 93. 160. Byman “Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons…” 173. 161. Ibid. 162. Ibid. 174. 163. Ibid. 169. 164. Lindsay. 165. Ibid.; Byman “Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons…” 170. 166. Ibid. 167. Allison. 168. Ibid. 169. Ibid. 170. Lindsay. 171. Ibid; Allison. 172. Allison. 173. Ibid. 174. Ibid. 175. Ibid. 176. Sick 95, Byman “Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons…” 175. 177. Byman “Passive Sponsors of Terrorism” 117. 178. Esposito 22.