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Inter-annual and body topographic consistency in the plumage bacterial load of Great Tits

2012; Association of Field Ornithologists; Volume: 83; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00359.x

1557-9263

Pauli Saag, Priit Kilgas, Marko Mägi, Vallo Tilgar, Raivo Mänd,

Avian ecology and behavior

Journal of Field OrnithologyVolume 83, Issue 1 p. 94-100 Inter-annual and body topographic consistency in the plumage bacterial load of Great Tits Consistencia interanual y topográfica del cuerpo en la carga de bacterias en el plumaje de Parus major Pauli Saag, Corresponding Author Pauli Saag Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, Estonia Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPriit Kilgas, Priit Kilgas Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, Estonia Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorMarko Mägi, Marko Mägi Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, EstoniaSearch for more papers by this authorVallo Tilgar, Vallo Tilgar Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, EstoniaSearch for more papers by this authorRaivo Mänd, Raivo Mänd Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, EstoniaSearch for more papers by this author Pauli Saag, Corresponding Author Pauli Saag Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, Estonia Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPriit Kilgas, Priit Kilgas Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, Estonia Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorMarko Mägi, Marko Mägi Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, EstoniaSearch for more papers by this authorVallo Tilgar, Vallo Tilgar Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, EstoniaSearch for more papers by this authorRaivo Mänd, Raivo Mänd Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, 51014, EstoniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 February 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00359.xCitations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstracten ABSTRACT Plumage bacteria may play an important role in shaping the life histories of birds. However, to design suitable experiments to examine causal relationships between plumage bacteria and the fitness of host birds, natural variation in plumage bacterial communities needs to be better understood. We examined within-individual consistency of plumage bacterial contamination in Great Tits (Parus major), comparing different body regions (ventral vs. dorsal) and comparing contamination between years. Numbers of free-living and attached bacteria and the species richness of feather-degrading bacterial assemblages were studied using flow cytometry and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). Numbers of both types of bacteria were higher on dorsal than on ventral feathers. Numbers of free-living, but not attached, bacteria on the two body regions were highly positively correlated. There was also a strong within-individual correlation between numbers of attached bacteria during the same breeding stages in different years. These results suggest that, despite variation in absolute levels of feather bacterial loads between years and different body regions, sampling individual birds can provide reliable estimates of relative levels of bacterial contamination, as long as sampling time and body region are carefully standardized. RESUMENes Las bacterias del plumaje pueden jugar un papel importante en el moldeamiento de las historias de vida de las aves. Sin embargo, para diseñar un experimento adecuado que examine la relación efecto causa entre las bacterias del plumaje y el éxito de las aves hospederas, se necesita entender mejor la variación natural de la comunidad de bacterias en el plumaje. Examinamos la consistencia en la contaminación de bacterias dentro de los individuos de Parus major, comprando diferentes regiones del cuerpo (ventral vs dorsal) y comparando contaminación entre años. Números de bacterias viviendo libremente y adheridas y la riqueza de especies del ensamble de bacterias degradadoras de plumas fueron estudiadas usando citometria de flujo y análisis ribosomal intergenetico espaciado (RISA). Números de ambos tipos de bacterias fueron más elevados en el dorso que en las plumas ventrales. Números de bacterias viviendo libremente, pero no las adheridas, en las regiones del cuerpo estuvieron altamente y positivamente correlacionados. También hubo una fuerte correlación dentro del individuo entre los números de bacterias adheridos durante el mismo estado reproductivo en años diferentes. 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