The Evaluation and Management of the Azoospermic Patient
2002; Wiley; Volume: 23; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02231.x
ISSN2047-2927
Autores Tópico(s)Ovarian function and disorders
ResumoThe incidence of azoospermia in infertile men is between 5% and 20%, while in the general population, it is about 2% (Jarow et al, 1989;Jarow, 1992).In the past, the main purpose of the evaluation of the azoospermic patient was to differentiate between excurrent duct obstruction and testicular failure.If the patient had uncorrectable obstruction or testicular failure, the couple's choices for parenting were donor insemination or adoption, with no options available for having their own biological children.In addition, the underlying cause was poorly understood.The field of male factor infertility has changed dramatically in the last 10 years.First, the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and specialized sperm retrieval procedures have made it possible to circumvent some of the most severe forms of male factor infertility (Palermo et al, 1992).If at least 1 viable sperm per oocyte is available, the pregnancy rate with ICSI is dependent on female age and the number of oocytes retrieved (Sherins et al, 1995;Silber et al, 1997).Second, advances in basic science have improved our understanding of the etiology of both obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) (
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