O que é e como surgiu a Sociologia Rural
1979; Volume: 7; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Português
ISSN
2526-9372
Autores Tópico(s)Urban Development and Societal Issues
ResumoRESUMO A partir do sec. XVII, e que os principios da sociologia rural ou urbana vao comecando a aparecer e a desenvolver-se. Porem e no sec. XIX que a sociologia rural passou a caracterizar-se como ciencia atraves de Auguste Comte. Seu objeto de estudo alem dos fenomenos criados pela vivencia no campo, sao certas situacoes especiais, e toda a serie de tracos culturais ligados a propriedade da gleba a ao trabalho agricola. Isso se fundamenta na diferenca entre cidade e campo e todo o criterio que se possa adotar para distinguir o rural do urbano, principalmente numa sociedade moderna. No Brasil, essa distincao flutua bastante levando-se em conta o carater predominante de nossa sociedade ao mesmo tempo de extrema variedade regional. A sociologia rural abrange toda a dinâmica social, mudanca e problematica social. Ela e, nos seus primordios, uma disciplina tipicamente americana. A europeia, ao contrario da americana, procurou fugir a fatalidade de tornar-se uma mera sociologia da agricultura. Os sociologos europeus, sentiram a necessidade de vincular o estudo rural a uma visao global de suas necessidades e enriquece-las com o auxilio de outras ciencias. Os primeiros estudos interdisciplinares foram europeus. Segundo Caldas Chagas outro estudo foi a pesquisa do tipo economico e agrario que preparou o caminho da sociologia rural respondendo a uma concepcao de economia que se aproxima de uma economia social, e que reflete verdadeira descoberta do fato social pelos economistas agrarios. A sociologia rural brasileira na sua evolucao sofreu as influencias norte-americana e europeia. ABSTRACT What is rural sociology and how it appeared. v. 7, n. 1, p. 85-103, jan./jun. 1979. Starting from the seventeenth century the principles of the rural or urban sociology began to appear and to be developed. But in the nineteenth century the rural sociology passed to be characterized as a science through Auguste Comte. Besides the phenomena created by the country life, its object of study are also a certain especial situations, and all a sequence of cultural traits connected to the property of land and to the agricultural work. This is based on the difference between country and city and all the criterion that may be adopted to distinguish the rural aspect of the urban one, mainly in the modern society. In Brazil, this distinction varies enough, considering the predominant character of our society extremely variable according to the regions. The rural sociology comprizes all the social dynamics, social problems and change. The rural sociology is in its origins a discipline typically American one. The European, differently from the American one, tried to get away from the fatality of becoming a mere sociology of the agriculture. The European sociologists felt the necessity to vinculate the rural study to a global vision of its necessities and to enrich them with the help of other sciences. The first interdisciplinary studies were the European ones. According to Caldas Chagas there was another study about the economic and agrarian type which prepared the way to the rural sociology answering a conception of economy which is approached to a social economy, and which reflects the true discovering of the social fact by the agrarian economists. The Brazilian rural sociology in its evolution has suffered North-American and Eurepean influences. RESUME Ce qui c’est et comment est apparue la sociologie rurale. v. 7, n. 1, p. 85-103, jan./jun. 1979. C’est a partir du XVIIeme siecle que les principes de sociologie rurale ou urbaine vont commencer a apparaitre et a se developper; mais c’est au XIXeme siecle avec Auguste Comte que la sociologie rurale est devenue une science. Son objectif, outre les phenomenes crees par le mode de vie a la campagne, sont certaines situations speciales ainsi que tout l’ensemble des traits culturels attaches a la possession de la glebe et au travail agricole. Ceci est base sur la difference entre la ville et la campagne, et sur tout critere que l’on peut adopter pour distinguer le rural de l’urbain, surtout dans une societe moderne. Au Bresil cette distinction est assez flottante a cause du caractere de notre societe et de l’extreme variete des regions. La sociologie rurale comprit toute la dynamique, la problematique et les changements sociaux., Elle est, a ses debuts, une discipline typiquement americaine. La sociologie europeenne, au contraire de la sociologie americaine cherche a fuir de la fatalite de devenir une pure sociologie de l’agriculture. Les sociologues europeens ont senti le besoin de ne pas separer l’etude de la societe rurale d’une vision globale de ses besoins et de l’enrichir de l’apport d’autres sciences. Les premieres etudes interdisciplinaires ont ete europeennes. D’apres Caldas Chagas une autre etude a ete la recherche du type economique et agraire qui a prepare le chemin de la sociologie rurale qui repond a une conception de l’economie qui s’approche d’une economie sociale et qui reflete la veritable decouverte du fait social par les economistes agraires. La sociologie rurale bresilienne a souffert dans son evolution l’influence europeenne et americaine.
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