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Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology

2011; Wiley; Volume: 52; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x

1469-7610

Henrik Larsson, Rezin Dilshad, Paul Lichtenstein, Edward D. Barker,

Bipolar Disorder and Treatment

Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryVolume 52, Issue 9 p. 954-963 Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology Henrik Larsson, Henrik Larsson Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institutet Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorRezin Dilshad, Rezin Dilshad Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Lichtenstein, Paul Lichtenstein Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorEdward D. Barker, Edward D. Barker Department of Developmental Science, Birkbeck College, University of LondonSearch for more papers by this author Henrik Larsson, Henrik Larsson Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institutet Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorRezin Dilshad, Rezin Dilshad Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Lichtenstein, Paul Lichtenstein Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorEdward D. Barker, Edward D. Barker Department of Developmental Science, Birkbeck College, University of LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 March 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.xCitations: 138 Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Background: DSM-IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive-impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent-reported hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from childhood to adolescence and to study their associations with genetic factors, family risk, and later adjustment problems in early adulthood. Method: Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population-based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent-ratings of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self-ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations. Results: We found two hyperactivity-impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity-impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group. Conclusion: Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive-impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories. Citing Literature Supporting Information eTable S1. Standardized means and standard error for self-reports of hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention and externalizing, internalizing at age 19–20, by joint trajectory group membership. eTable S2. Intra-class correlations (MZ and DZ) and model-fitting estimates (heritability and nonshared environment) for hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories (Word document) Filename Description JCPP_2379_sm_eTableS1-S2.doc41 KB Supporting info item Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume52, Issue9September 2011Pages 954-963 RelatedInformation