Addressing Response-shift Bias: Retrospective Pretests in Recreation Research and Evaluation
2007; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 39; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00222216.2007.11950109
ISSN2159-6417
AutoresJim Sibthorp, Karen Paisley, John Gookin, Peter J. Ward,
Tópico(s)Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
ResumoAbstractThe self-reported pretest/posttest has been commonly used to assess change in recreation research and evaluation efforts. The viability of comparing pre and post measures relies on the assumption that the scale of measurement, or metric, is the same before and after an intervention. With self-report measures, the metric resides within the study participants and, thus, can be directly affected by the intervention. If participants' levels of self-knowledge change as the result of a recreation program, then this metric may also shift, making comparisons between measures from before and after the program problematic. This article aims to both synthesize the theory and literature surrounding this problem and to offer a mixed-methods, data-based example, which illustrates the problem in a recreation context and posits possible reasons for differences in reported precourse attribute levels by reporting time. Results generally supported using a retrospective pretest as a way to address changing metrics with self-report measures. This article further discusses when and how it is appropriate to use retrospective pretests in recreation research and evaluation.KEYWORDS: Response-shift biasprogram evaluationoutcome measurement
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