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Maximal Hyperemia in the Assessment of Fractional Flow Reserve

2012; Elsevier BV; Volume: 5; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jcin.2011.12.014

1936-8798

Antonio Maria Leone, Italo Porto, Alberto Ranieri De Caterina, Eloisa Basile, Andrea Aurelio, Andrea Gardi, Dolores Russo, Domenico Laezza, Giampaolo Niccoli, Francesco Burzotta, Carlo Trani, Mario Attilio Mazzari, Rocco Mongiardo, Antonio G. Rebuzzi, Filippo Crea,

Acute Myocardial Infarction Research

This study sought to compare increasing doses of intracoronary (IC) adenosine or IC sodium nitroprusside versus intravenous (IV) adenosine for fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment. Maximal hyperemia is the critical prerequisite for FFR assessment. Despite IV adenosine currently representing the recommended approach, IC administration of adenosine or other coronary vasodilators constitutes a valuable alternative in everyday practice. However, it is surprisingly unclear which IC strategy allows the achievement of FFR values comparable to IV adenosine. Fifty intermediate coronary stenoses (n = 45) undergoing FFR measurement were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Hyperemia was sequentially induced by incremental boli of IC adenosine (ADN) (60 μg ADN60, 300 μg ADN300, 600 μg ADN600), by IC sodium nitroprusside (NTP) (0.6 μg/kg bolus) and by IV adenosine infusion (IVADN) (140 μg/kg/min). FFR values, symptoms, and development of atrioventricular block were recorded. Incremental doses of IC adenosine and NTP were well tolerated and associated with fewer symptoms than IVADN. Intracoronary adenosine doses (0.881 ± 0.067, 0.871 ± 0.068, and 0.868 ± 0.070 with ADN60, ADN300, and ADN600, respectively) and NTP (0.892 ± 0.072) induced a significant decrease of FFR compared with baseline levels (p < 0.001). Notably, ADN600 only was associated with FFR values similar to IVADN (0.867 ± 0.072, p = 0.28). Among the 10 patients with FFR values ≤0.80 with IVADN, 5 were correctly identified also by ADN60, 6 by ADN300, 7 by ADN600, and 6 by NTP. Intracoronary adenosine, at doses higher than currently suggested, allows obtaining FFR values similar to IV adenosine. Intravenous adenosine, which remains the gold standard, might thus be reserved for those lesions with equivocal FFR values after high (up to 600 μg) IC adenosine doses.