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Global Lithium Availability

2011; Wiley; Volume: 15; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00359.x

1530-9290

Paul W. Gruber, Pablo A. Medina, Gregory A. Keoleian, Stephen E. Kesler, M. P. Everson, Timothy J. Wallington,

Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies

Journal of Industrial EcologyVolume 15, Issue 5 p. 760-775 Global Lithium Availability A Constraint for Electric Vehicles? Paul W. Gruber, Paul W. Gruber University of Michigan's Erb Institute in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorPablo A. Medina, Pablo A. Medina University of Michigan's Erb Institute in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorGregory A. Keoleian, Gregory A. Keoleian University of MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorStephen E. Kesler, Stephen E. Kesler University of MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorMark P. Everson, Mark P. Everson Ford Motor Company's Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorTimothy J. Wallington, Timothy J. Wallington Ford Motor Company's Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this author Paul W. Gruber, Paul W. Gruber University of Michigan's Erb Institute in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorPablo A. Medina, Pablo A. Medina University of Michigan's Erb Institute in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorGregory A. Keoleian, Gregory A. Keoleian University of MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorStephen E. Kesler, Stephen E. Kesler University of MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorMark P. Everson, Mark P. Everson Ford Motor Company's Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorTimothy J. Wallington, Timothy J. Wallington Ford Motor Company's Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 July 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00359.xCitations: 377 Gregory A. KeoleianCenter for Sustainable SystemsSchool of Natural Resources and Environment440 Church StreetAnn Arbor, MI 48109-1041USA[email protected]http://css.snre.umich.edu/ Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Summary There is disagreement on whether the supply of lithium is adequate to support a future global fleet of electric vehicles. We report a comprehensive analysis of the global lithium resources and compare it to an assessment of global lithium demand from 2010 to 2100 that assumes rapid and widespread adoption of electric vehicles. Recent estimates of global lithium resources have reached very different conclusions. We compiled data on 103 deposits containing lithium, with an emphasis on the 32 deposits that have a lithium resource of more than 100,000 tonnes each. For each deposit, data were compiled on its location, geologic type, dimensions, and content of lithium as well as current status of production where appropriate. Lithium demand was estimated under the assumption of two different growth scenarios for electric vehicles and other current battery and nonbattery applications. The global lithium resource is estimated to be about 39 Mt (million tonnes), whereas the highest demand scenario does not exceed 20 Mt for the period 2010 to 2100. We conclude that even with a rapid and widespread adoption of electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries, lithium resources are sufficient to support demand until at least the end of this century. References Ballivian, O. and F. Risacher. 1981. 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Filename Description JIEC_359_sm_SuppMatS1.pdf1.9 MB Supporting info item Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume15, Issue5October 2011Pages 760-775 Translations 《产业生态学报》中文摘要 (JIE Chinese Abstracts) Resúmenes en Español de la Revista de Ecología Industrial (JIE Spanish Abstracts) ReferencesRelatedInformation