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Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: an intricate machinery that shapes transcriptomes

2015; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 16; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nrm4063

1471-0080

Søren Lykke‐Andersen, Torben Heick Jensen,

RNA modifications and cancer

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) degrades mRNAs with abnormally positioned translation termination codons. It is now becoming apparent that NMD targets mRNAs to enable mammalian cells to adjust their transcriptomes and their proteomes to changing physiological conditions and during diverse cellular processes. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is probably the best characterized eukaryotic RNA degradation pathway. Through intricate steps, a set of NMD factors recognize and degrade mRNAs with translation termination codons that are positioned in abnormal contexts. However, NMD is not only part of a general cellular quality control system that prevents the production of aberrant proteins. Mammalian cells also depend on NMD to dynamically adjust their transcriptomes and their proteomes to varying physiological conditions. In this Review, we discuss how NMD targets mRNAs, the types of mRNAs that are targeted, and the roles of NMD in cellular stress, differentiation and maturation processes.