Specific Language Impairment
2015; Elsevier BV; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00072-9
AutoresJulia L. Evans, Timothy T. Brown,
Tópico(s)Reading and Literacy Development
ResumoSpecific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental language disorder characterized by the inability to master spoken and written language expression and comprehension, despite normal nonverbal intelligence, hearing acuity, and speech motor skills, and no overt physical disability, recognized syndrome, or other mitigating medical factors known to cause language disorders in children. Although numbers vary slightly across countries, in the United States SLI is estimated to occur in ~7% of English-speaking 5-year-old children. It persists, fully or partially, into adulthood, placing individuals with SLI at risk for poor academic performance, difficulty developing and maintaining friendships and significant relationships, difficulty in the work environment, and reduced earning potential and standard of living. The stress that accompanies coping with the disorder also places both individuals with SLI and their families at risk for secondary stress-related physical, social, and emotional problems. Converging evidence from brain imaging, behavioral, and neurophysiological studies indicates that SLI is a neurodevelopmental language disorder that is characterized by a disturbance in the dynamics of brain development that collectively affect cortical and subcortical morphology in selected regions of the brain and the tissue properties of white matter connections that support language acquisition, learning, and memory.
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