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Histology of Callogenesis in Diploid Bananas (Musa acuminata, AA Group) 'Kluai Sa' and 'Kluai Leb Mu Nang'

2012; Academic Press; Volume: 4; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

1842-4309

Kamnoon Kanchanapoom, Korn Kor Apatchaikul,

Chromosomal and Genetic Variations

AbstractYellow compact calluses were induced from in vitro-grown shoot tips of diploid bananas (Musa acuminata, AA group) ‘Kluai Sa’ and ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’ on a modiied Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 100 mg/L malt extract, 50 mg/L proline, 50 mg/L cysteine, 100 mg/L glutamine, 1 mg/L biotin, 7 mg/L Dicamba and 2 mg/L TDZ. Green shoot buds were induced ater transfer of the yellow compact calluses to the same MS medium but supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 3 mg/L BA and plant regeneration was achieved through organogenesis in callus cultures. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.2% activated charcoal but without plant growth regulators. Histological analysis revealed that calluses originated from small dense cells with well stained cytoplasm and nucleus typical of meristematic cells.Keywords: callus culture, dessert bananas, micropropagation, organogenesis, shoot tip cultureIntroduction Banana (Musa sp.) frequently plays role as major cash export commodity and a complementary food in local diets of tropical and subtropical countries. Traditionally, most of the edible clones are seedless, sterile and propa-gated by suckers. For these reasons, classical breeding is diicult. he multiplication of a clone is slow, laborious, and time-consuming as far as to obtain a large number of homogeneous plants (Sasson, 1997). Recent advances in biotechnology for crop improvement have had a great im-pact on banana cultivation. Plant regeneration via in vitro culture has been described by a number of authors, from various sources of explants including male loral apices (Murali and Duncan, 1995), zygotic embryo (Navarro et al., 1997), meristem (Bhagyalakshmi and Singh, 1995), shoot tip (Israeli et al., 1996), leaf (Okole and Schulz, 1996), rhizome (Lee et al., 1997), cell suspension (Cote et al., 1996), and protoplast (Panis et al., 1993).In vitro regeneration via callus and cell suspension cul-tures is not only important for an integral part of genetic transformation but also a selection of useful somaclonal variants. Embryogenic callus cultures of two important hai banana cultivars, Musa acuminata ‘Kluai Sa’ and ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’, initiated from shoot tips, have been reported (Koarapatchaikul and Kanchanapoom, 2010). Both banana cultivars are native and well known as local economic bananas in southern hailand. hey are seedless, tasty, odorous and highly priced. Histological knowledge of callus induction can provide important information for improving the somatic embryogenesis for this crop. How-ever, to date no precise histological study in two hai ba-nana cultivars has been performed.herefore, the present investigation deals with a his-tological analysis from the initial callogenesis followed by diferentiation in the callus culture of M. acuminata ‘Kluai Sa’ and ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’.