VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE: Vascular Calcification—A New Window on the Cardiovascular System: Role of Agents Used to Manipulate Skeletal Integrity
2007; Wiley; Volume: 20; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00265.x
ISSN1525-139X
AutoresAdrian Covic, Paul Gusbeth–Tatomir, David Goldsmith,
Tópico(s)Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
ResumoSeminars in DialysisVolume 20, Issue 2 p. 158-169 VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE: Vascular Calcification—A New Window on the Cardiovascular System: Role of Agents Used to Manipulate Skeletal Integrity Adrian Covic, Adrian Covic Nephrology Clinic, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” University Hospital, Iasi, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Gusbeth-Tatomir, Paul Gusbeth-Tatomir Nephrology Clinic, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” University Hospital, Iasi, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDavid J. A. Goldsmith, David J. A. Goldsmith Renal Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author Adrian Covic, Adrian Covic Nephrology Clinic, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” University Hospital, Iasi, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Gusbeth-Tatomir, Paul Gusbeth-Tatomir Nephrology Clinic, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” University Hospital, Iasi, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDavid J. A. Goldsmith, David J. A. Goldsmith Renal Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 March 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00265.xCitations: 6 Address correspondence to: Adrian Covic, Nephrology Clinic, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” University, Bd. Carol I Nr.50, IASI, Romania or email: [email protected]. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Moe S, Drueke T, Cunningham J, Goodman W, Martin K, Olgaard K, Ott S, Sprague S, Lameire N, Eknoyan G: Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: A position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 69: 1945–1953, 2006 10.1038/sj.ki.5000414 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 Menon V, Greene T, Pereira AA, Wang X, Beck GJ, Kusek JW, Collins AJ, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ: Relationship of phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product with mortality in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 46: 455–463, 2005 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.05.025 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Kestenbaum B, Sampson JN, Rudser KD, Patterson DJ, Seliger SL, Young B, Sherrard DJ, Andress DL: Serum phosphate levels and mortality risk among people with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 520–528, 2005 10.1681/ASN.2004070602 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Tonelli M, Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Gao Z, Curhan G: Cholesterol And Recurrent Events Trial Investigators: Relation between serum phosphate level and cardiovascular event rate in people with coronary disease. Circulation 112: 2627–2633, 2005 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553198 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 Schwarz S, Trivedi BK, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kovesdy KP: Association of disorders in mineral metabolism with progression of chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 825–831, 2006 10.2215/CJN.02101205 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6 Block GA, Hulbert-Shearon TE, Levin NW, Port FK: Association of serum phosphorus and calcium x phosphate product with mortality risk in chronic hemodialysis patients: a national study. Am J Kidney Dis 31: 607–617, 1998 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9531176 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7 Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, Ofsthun N, Lowrie EG, Chertow GM: Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 2208–2218, 2004 10.1097/01.ASN.0000133041.27682.A2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8 Ganesh SK, Stack AG, Levin NW, Hulbert-Shearon T, Port FK: Association of elevated serum PO(4), Ca x PO(4) product, and parathyroid hormone with cardiac mortality risk in chronic hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 12: 2131–2138, 2001 10.1681/ASN.V12102131 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9 Stevens LA, Djurdjev O, Cardew S, Cameron EC, Levin A: Calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels in combination and as a function of dialysis duration predict mortality: evidence for the complexity of the association between mineral metabolism and outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 770–779, 2004 10.1097/01.ASN.0000113243.24155.2F CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10 Slinin Y, Foley RN, Collins AJ: Calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients: the USRDS waves 1, 3, and 4 study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 1788–1793, 2005 10.1681/ASN.2004040275 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11 Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Harnett JD, Kent GM, Hu L, O’Dea R, Murray DC, Barre PE: Hypocalcemia, morbidity, and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 16: 386–393, 1996 10.1159/000169030 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12 Avram MM, Mittman N, Myint MM, Fein P: Importance of low serum intact parathyroid hormone as a predictor of mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients: 14 years of prospective observation. Am J Kidney Dis 38: 1351–1357, 2001 10.1053/ajkd.2001.29254 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13 Teng M, Wolf M, Ofsthun MN, Lazarus JM, Hernan MA, Camargo Jr CA, Thadhani R: Activated injectable vitamin D and hemodialysis survival: a historical cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 1115–1125, 2005 10.1681/ASN.2004070573 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14 Melamed ML, Eustace JA, Plantinga L, Jaar BG, Fink NE, Coresh J, Klag MJ, Powe NR: Changes in serum calcium, phosphate, and PTH and the risk of death in incident dialysis patients: A longitudinal study. Kidney Int 70: 351–357, 2006 10.1038/sj.ki.5001542 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15 Young EW, Albert JM, Satayathum S, Goodkin DA, Pisoni RL, Akiba T, Akizawa T, Kurokawa K, Bommer J, Piera L, Port FK: Predictors and consequences of altered mineral metabolism: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Kidney Int 67: 1179–1187, 2005 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00185.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16 Arenas MD, Alvarez-Ude F, Gil MT, Soriano A, Egea JJ, Millan I, Amoedo ML, Muray S, Carreton MA: Application of NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease: changes of clinical practices and their effects on outcomes and quality standards in three haemodialysis units. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 1663–1668, 2006 10.1093/ndt/gfl006 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 17 Bellasi A, Raggi P: Techniques and technologies to assess vascular calcification. Semin Dial 20: 129–133, 2007 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00259.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 18 Vliegenthart R, Oudkerk M, Hofman A, Oei HH, Van Dijck W, Van Rooij FJ, Witteman JC: Coronary calcification improves cardiovascular risk prediction in the elderly. Circulation 112: 572–577, 2005 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.488916 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 19 Kramer H, Toto R, Peshock R, Cooper R, Victor R: Association between chronic kidney disease and coronary artery calcification: the Dallas Heart Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 507–513, 2005 10.1681/ASN.2004070610 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20 Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, Yoon C, Gales B, Sider D, Wang Y, Chung J, Emerick A, Greaser L, Elashoff RM, Salusky IB: Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis.N Engl J Med 342: 1478–1483, 2000 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21 Haydar AA, Hujairi NM, Covic AA, Pereira D, Rubens M, Goldsmith DJ: Coronary artery calcification is related to coronary atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease patients: a study comparing EBCT-generated coronary artery calcium scores and coronary angiography. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19: 2307–2312, 2004 10.1093/ndt/gfh120 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22 London GM, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP, Metivier F: Impairment of arterial function in chronic renal disease: prognostic impact and therapeutic approach. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12: 13–15, 2002 10.1093/ndt/17.suppl_11.13 Web of Science®Google Scholar 23 Cozzolino M, Brancaccio D, Gallieni M, Slatopolsky E: Pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 68: 429–436, 2005 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00421.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 24 Goldsmith DJ, Covic A, Sambrook PA, Ackrill P: Vascular calcification in long-term haemodialysis patients in a single unit: a retrospective analysis. Nephron 77: 37–43, 1997 10.1159/000190244 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25 Shroff RC, Shanahan CM: The vascular biology of calcification. Semin Dial 20: 103–109, 2007 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00255.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 26 Schlieper G, Westenfeld R, Brandenburg V, Ketteler M: Inhibitors of calcification in blood and urine. Semin Dial 20: 113–121, 2007 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00257.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 27 Moe SM, Reslerova M, Ketteler M, O’neill K, Duan D, Koczman J, Westenfeld R, Jahnen-Dechent W, Chen NX: Role of calcification inhibitors in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney Int 67: 2295–2304, 2005 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00333.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 28 Wang AY, Woo J, Lam CW, Wang M, Chan IH, Gao P, Lui SF, Li PK, Sanderson JE: Associations of serum fetuin-A with malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis and valvular calcification syndrome and outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 1676–1685, 2005 10.1093/ndt/gfh891 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 29 Murshed M, Harmey D, Millan JL, McKee MD, Karsenty G: Unique coexpression in osteoblasts of broadly expressed genes accounts for the spatial restriction of ECM mineralization to bone. Genes Dev 19: 1093–1104, 2005 10.1101/gad.1276205 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 30 Ketteler M, Floege J: Calcification and the usual suspect phosphate: still guilty but there are other guys behind the scenes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 33–35, 2006 10.1093/ndt/gfi270 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31 Massy ZA, Slama M, Tribouilloy C, Drüeke TB: Animal models—what they can tell us about vascular calcification in CKD. Semin Dial 20: 110–112, 2007 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00256.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 32 McIntyre CW: The functional cardiovascular consequences of vascular calcification. Semin Dial 20: 124–128, 2007 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00258.x Web of Science®Google Scholar 33 Kullo IJ, Bielak LF, Turner ST, Sheedy II PF, Peyser PA: Aortic pulse wave velocity is associated with the presence and quantity of coronary artery calcium: a community-based study. Hypertension 47: 174–179, 2006 10.1161/01.HYP.0000199605.35173.14 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 34 Covic A, Gusbeth-Tatomir P, Goldsmith DJ: Arterial stiffness in renal patients: an update. Am J Kidney Dis 45: 965–977, 2005 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.02.026 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 35 Guerin AP, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, London GM: Cardiovascular disease in the dialysis population: prognostic significance of arterial disorders. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 15: 105–110, 2006 10.1097/01.mnh.0000203186.11772.21 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 36 Takenaka T, Suzuki H: New strategy to attenuate pulse wave velocity in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 811–816, 2005 10.1093/ndt/gfh656 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 37 Chertow GM, Burke SK, Raggi P: Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 62: 245–252, 2002 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00434.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 38 Block GA, Spiegel DM, Ehrlich J, Mehta R, Lindbergh J, Dreisbach A, Raggi P: Effects of sevelamer and calcium on coronary artery calcification in patients new to hemodialysis. Kidney Int 68: 1815–1824, 2005 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00600.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 39 Ketteler M, Brandenburg V, Jahnen-Dechent W, Westenfeld R, Floege J: Do not be misguided by guidelines: the calcium x phosphate product can be a Trojan horse. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 673–677, 2005 10.1093/ndt/gfh734 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 40 Jung HH, Kim SW, Han H: Inflammation, mineral metabolism and progressive coronary artery calcification in patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 1915–1920, 2006 10.1093/ndt/gfl118 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 41 Taki K, Takayama F, Tsuruta Y, Niwa T: Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end product, and coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 70: 218–224, 2006 10.1038/sj.ki.5000330 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 42 Wang AY, Wang M, Woo J, Lam CW, Li PK, Lui SF, Sanderson JE: Cardiac valve calcification as an important predictor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients: a prospective study. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 159–168, 2003 10.1097/01.ASN.0000038685.95946.83 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 43 Mucsi I, Hercz G, Uldall R, Ouwendyk M, Francoeur R, Pierratos A: Control of serum phosphate without any phosphate binders in patients treated with nocturnal hemodialysis. Kidney Int 53: 1399–1404, 1998 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00875.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 44 Levin NW, Gotch FA, Kuhlmann MK: Factors for increased morbidity and mortality in uremia: hyperphosphatemia. Semin Nephrol 24: 396–400, 2004 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.011 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 45 Lindsay RM, Alhejaili F, Nesrallah G, Leitch R, Clement L, Heidenheim AP, Kortas C: Calcium and phosphate balance with quotidian hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 42: 24–29, 2003 10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00534-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 46 Sigrist MK, Devlin L, Taal MW, Fluck RJ, McIntyre CW: Length of interdialytic interval influences serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 1643–1646, 2005 10.1093/ndt/gfh874 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 47 Bushinsky DA: Phosphate binders: Hold the calcium? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 695–696, 2006 10.2215/CJN.00950306 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 48 Emmett M, Sirmon MD, Kirkpatrick WG, Nolan CR, Schmitt GW, Cleveland MB: Calcium acetate control of serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 17: 544–50, 1991 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80496-3 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 49 Cleveland M: Calcium on trial: beyond a reasonable doubt? Kidney Int 63: 383–384, 2003 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.t01-2-00746.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 50 Qunibi WY, Hootkins RE, McDowell LL, Meyer MS, Simon M, Garza RO, Pelham RW, Cleveland MV, Muenz LR, He DY, Nolan CR: Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients: The Calcium Acetate Renagel Evaluation (CARE Study). Kidney Int 65: 1914–1926, 2004 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00590.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 51 Friedman EA: Calcium-based phosphate binders are appropriate in chronic renal failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 704–709, 2006 10.2215/CJN.01831105 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 52 Hutchison AJ, Maes B, Vanwalleghem J, Asmus G, Mohamed E, Schmieder R, Backs W, Jamar R, Vosskuhler A: Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lanthanum carbonate in hyperphosphatemia: a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial versus calcium carbonate. Nephron Clin Pract 100: c8–19, 2005 10.1159/000084653 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 53 McCullough PA, Sandberg KR, Dumler F, Yanez JE: Determinants of coronary vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: a systematic review. J Nephrol 17: 205–215, 2004 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 54 Briese S, Wiesner S, Will JC, Lembcke A, Opgen-Rhein B, Nissel R, Wernecke KD, Andreae J, Haffner D, Querfeld U: Arterial and cardiac disease in young adults with childhood-onset end-stage renal disease–impact of calcium and vitamin D therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 1906–1914, 2006 10.1093/ndt/gfl098 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 55 Freemont T, Malluche HH: Utilization of bone histomorphometry in renal osteodystrophy: demonstration of a new approach using data from a prospective study of lanthanum carbonate. Clin Nephrol 63: 138–145, 2005 10.5414/CNP63138 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 56 Raggi P, James G, Burke SK, Bommer J, Chasan-Taber S, Holzer H, Braun J, Chertow GM: Decrease in thoracic vertebral bone attenuation with calcium-based phosphate binders in hemodialysis. J Bone Miner Res 20: 764–772, 2005 10.1359/JBMR.041221 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 57 Ferreira A, Frazao JM, Faugere MC, Mueller R, Malluche H: Effects of sevelamer and calcium carbonate on bone mineralization and turnover in chronic maintenance haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21(Suppl. 4iv): 293, 2006 (abstract) Web of Science®Google Scholar 58 Bleyer AJ, Burke SK, Dillon M, Garrett B, Kant KS, Lynch D, Rahman SN, Schoenfeld P, Teitelbaum I, Zeig S, Slatopolsky E: A comparison of the calcium-free phosphate binder sevelamer hydrochloride with calcium acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 33: 694–701, 1999 10.1016/S0272-6386(99)70221-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 59 Braun J, Asmus HG, Holzer H, Brunkhorst R, Krause R, Schulz W, Neumayer HH, Raggi P, Bommer J: Long-term comparison of a calcium-free phosphate binder and calcium carbonate–phosphorus metabolism and cardiovascular calcification. Clin Nephrol 62: 104–115, 2004 10.5414/CNP62104 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 60 Goldsmith D, Ritz E, Covic A: Vascular calcification: a stiff challenge for the nephrologist: does preventing bone disease cause arterial disease? Kidney Int 66: 1315–1333, 2004 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00895.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 61 Chertow GM, Burke SK, Dillon MA, Slatopolsky E: Long-term effects of sevelamer hydrochloride on the calcium x phosphate product and lipid profile of haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14: 2907–2914, 1999 10.1093/ndt/14.12.2907 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 62 Block GA, Raggi P, Bellasi A, Koolenga L, Spiegel DM: Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney International doi: 10.1038/sj.ki. 5002059, 2007 10.1038/sj.ki.5002059 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 63 Finn WF, Joy MS, Hladik G: Efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate for reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 62: 193–201, 2004 10.5414/CNP62193 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 64 Finn WF: SPD 405-307 Lanthanum Study Group. Lanthanum carbonate versus standard therapy for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia: safety and efficacy in chronic maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 65: 191–202, 2006 10.5414/CNP65191 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 65 D’Haese PC, Spasovski GB, Sikole A, Hutchison A, Freemont TJ, Sulkova S, Swanepoel C, Pejanovic S, Djukanovic L, Balducci A, Coen G, Sulowicz W, Ferreira A, Torres A, Curic S, Popovic M, Dimkovic N, De Broe ME: A multicenter study on the effects of lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) and calcium carbonate on renal bone disease in dialysis patients. Kidney Int (Suppl 85): S73–78, 2003 10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s85.18.x CASGoogle Scholar 66 Spasovski GB, Sikole A, Gelev S, Masin-Spasovska J, Freemont T, Webster I, Gill M, Jones C, De Broe ME, D’Haese PC: Evolution of bone and plasma concentration of lanthanum in dialysis patients before, during 1 year of treatment with lanthanum carbonate and after 2 years of follow-up. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 2217–2224, 2006 10.1093/ndt/gfl146 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 67 Bervoets AR, Oste L, Behets GJ, Dams G, Blust R, Marynissen R, Geryl H, De Broe ME, D’Haese PC: Development and reversibility of impaired mineralization associated with lanthanum carbonate treatment in chronic renal failure rats. Bone 38: 803–810, 2006 10.1016/j.bone.2005.11.022 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 68 Mucsi I, Almasi C, Deak G, Marton A, Ambrus C, Berta K, Lakatos P, Szabo A, Horvath C: Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and bone metabolism in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 64: 288–294, 2005 10.5414/CNP64288 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 69 Dobrez DG, Mathes A, Amdahl M, Marx SE, Melnick JZ, Sprague SM: Paricalcitol-treated patients experience improved hospitalization outcomes compared with calcitriol-treated patients in real-world clinical settings. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19: 1174–1181, 2004 10.1093/ndt/gfh123 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 70 Teng M, Wolf M, Lowrie E, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM, Thadhani R: Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with paricalcitol or calcitriol therapy. N Engl J Med 349: 446–456, 2003 10.1056/NEJMoa022536 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 71 Drüeke TB: Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D derivatives and calcimimetics before and after start of dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13: 20–22, 2002 10.1093/ndt/17.suppl_11.20 Google Scholar 72 Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kuwae N, Regidor DL, Kovesdy CP, Kilpatrick RD, Shinaberger CS, McAllister CJ, Budoff MJ, Salusky IB, Kopple JD: Survival predictability of time-varying indicators of bone disease in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 70: 771–780, 2006 10.1038/sj.ki.5001514 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 73 Nordal KP, Dahl E, Halse J, Attramadal A, Flatmark A: Long-term low-dose calcitriol treatment in predialysis chronic renal failure: can it prevent hyperparathyroid bone disease? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 10: 203–206, 1995 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 74 Coburn JW, Elangovan L: Prevention of metabolic bone disease in the pre-end-stage renal disease setting. J Am Soc Nephrol 9: S71–77, 1998 CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 75 Monge M, Shahapuni I, Oprisiu R, El Esper N, Moriniere P, Massy Z, Choukroun G, Fournier A: Reappraisal of 2003 NKF-K/DOQI guidelines for management of hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2: 326–336, 2006 10.1038/ncpneph0189 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 76 Chertow M, Blumenthal S, Turner S, Roppolo S, Stern L, Chi E, Reed J: on behalf of the CONTROL Investigators: Cinacalcet hydrochloride (Sensipar) in hemodialysis patients on active vitamin D derivatives with controlled PTH and elevated calcium x phosphate. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 305–312, 2006 10.2215/CJN.00870805 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 77 Moe SM, Cunningham J, Bommer J, Adler S, Rosansky SJ, Urena-Torres P, Albizem MB, Guo MD, Zani VJ, Goodman WG, Sprague SM: Long-term treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with the calcimimetic cinacalcet HCl. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 2186–2193, 2005 10.1093/ndt/gfh966 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 78 Cunningham J, Danese M, Olson K, Klassen P, Chertow GM: Effects of the calcimimetic cinacalcet HCl on cardiovascular disease, fracture, and health-related quality of life in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 68: 1793–1800, 2005 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00596.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 79 Block GA, Martin KJ, De Francisco AL, Turner SA, Avram MM, Suranyi MG, Hercz G, Cunningham J, Abu-Alfa AK, Messa P, Coyne DW, Locatelli F, Cohen RM, Evenepoel P, Moe SM, Fournier A, Braun J, McCary LC, Zani VJ, Olson KA, Drueke TB, Goodman WG: Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 350: 1516–1525, 2004 10.1056/NEJMoa031633 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 80 Block GA: Calcium, calcimimetics and clinical outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 170–171, 2006 10.2215/CJN.00200106 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 81 Haris A, Sherrard DJ, Hercz G: Reversal of adynamic bone disease by lowering of dialysate calcium. Kidney Int 70: 931–937, 2006 10.1038/sj.ki.5001666 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 82 Foley RN, Li S, Liu J, Gilbertson DT, Chen SC, Collins AJ: The fall and rise of parathyroidectomy in U.S. hemodialysis patients, 1992 to 2002. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 210–218, 2005 10.1681/ASN.2004020138 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 83 Kestenbaum B, Andress DL, Schwartz SM, Gillen DL, Seliger SL, Jadav PR, Sherrard DJ, Stehman-Breen C: Survival following parathyroidectomy among United States dialysis patients. Kidney Int 66: 2010–2016, 2004 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00972.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 84 Santos FR, Moyses RM, Montenegro FL, Jorgetti V, Noronha IL: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and bFGF expression in bone biopsies before and after parathyroidectomy. Kidney Int 63: 899–907, 2003 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00835.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 85 Shiizaki K, Hatamura I, Negi S, Sakaguchi T, Saji F, Kunimoto K, Okamoto M, Imazeki I, Muragaki Y, Akizawa T: Direct maxacalcitol injection into hyperplastic parathyroids improves skeletal changes in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 70: 486–495, 2006 10.1038/sj.ki.5001564 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 86 Lewin E: Involution of the parathyroid glands after renal transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 12: 363–371, 2003 10.1097/00041552-200307000-00004 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 87 Rojas E, Carlini RG, Clesca P, Arminio A, Suniaga O, De Elguezabal K, Weisinger JR, Hruska KA, Bellorin-Font E: The pathogenesis of osteodystrophy after renal transplantation as detected by early alterations in bone remodeling. Kidney Int 63: 1915–1923, 2003 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00938.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 88 Oschatz E, Benesch T, Kodras K, Hoffmann U, Haas M: Changes of coronary calcification after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 48: 307–313, 2006 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.066 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 89 Hernandez D, Concepcion MT, Lorenzo V, Martinez ME, Rodriguez A, De Bonis E, Gonzalez-Posada JM, Felsenfeld AJ, Rodriguez M, Torres A: Adynamic bone disease with negative aluminium staining in predialysis patients: prevalence and evolution after maintenance dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9: 517–523, 1994 10.1093/ndt/9.5.517 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 90 Pei Y, Hercz G, Greenwood C, Segre G, Manuel A, Saiphoo C, Fenton S, Sherrard D: Risk factors for renal osteodystrophy: a multivariant analysis. J Bone Miner Res 10: 149–156, 1995 10.1002/jbmr.5650100121 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 91 Torres A, Lorenzo V, Hernandez D, Rodriguez JC, Concepcion MT, Rodriguez AP, Hernandez A, De Bonis E, Darias E, Gonzalez-Posada JM: Bone disease in predialysis, hemodialysis, and CAPD patients: evidence of a better bone response to PTH. Kidney Int 47: 1434–1442, 1995 10.1038/ki.1995.201 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 92 Sanchez MC, Bajo MA, Selgas R, Mate A, Sanchez-Cabezudo MJ, Lopez-Barea F, Esbrit P, Martinez ME: Cultures of human osteoblastic cells from dialysis patients: influence of bone turnover rate on in vitro selection of interleukin-6 and osteoblastic cell makers. Am J Kidney Dis 37: 30–37, 2001 10.1053/ajkd.2001.20574 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 93 Ferreira A, Frazao JM, Faugere MC, Mueller R, Malluche H: (abstract) Effects of sevelamer and calcium carbonate on bone mineralization and turnover in chronic maintenance haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21(Suppl.4:iv): 293, 2006 Web of Science®Google Scholar 94 London GM, Marty C, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP, Metivier F, De Vernejoul MC: Arterial calcifications and bone histomorphometry in end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 1943–1951, 2004 10.1097/01.ASN.0000129337.50739.48 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 95 Adragao T, Ferreira A, Frazao JM, Gil C, Oliveira C, Galvao J, Sarmento M, Ribeiro S, Dickson J, Carvalho B, Rodrigues I, Baldaia J, Pereira O, Fauguere MC, Malluche H: (abstract) Vascular calcifications and bone turnover in hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21(Suppl.4:iv): 292, 2006 Web of Science®Google Scholar 96 Kalpakian MA, Mehrotra R: Vascular calcification and disordered mineral metabolism in dialysis patients. Semin Dial 20: 139–143, 2007 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00261.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume20, Issue2March–April 2007Pages 158-169 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)