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Phylogenetic position of rasborin cyprinids and monophyly of major lineages among the Danioninae, based on morphological characters (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

2011; Wiley; Volume: 49; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00621.x

1439-0469

Te‐Yu Liao, S. Kullander, Fang Fang,

Ichthyology and Marine Biology

The cyprinid subfamily Danioninae is one of the most important fish groups due to its inclusion of the model fish, Danio rerio. Molecular investigations have shown that species traditionally placed in the Danioninae are non-monophyletic, divided into two groups corresponding to the Danioninae and Opsariichthyinae. The Danioninae are further divided into three lineages, i.e. chedrins, danionins and rasborins. However, morphological characters determining the foregoing groups are unknown. To investigate the interrelationships among major lineages within the Danioninae, a phylogenetic analysis based on 43 morphological characters from 34 taxa was conducted. Parsimony analysis recovers the Danioninae and Opsariichthyinae to be distinguished by the Y-shaped ligament, absent in the Danioninae while present in the Opsariichthyinae. The Danioninae are divided into two tribes, Danionini and Rasborini. The Rasborini, including Boraras, Brevibora, Horadandia, Kottelatia, Rasbora, Rasboroides, Rasbosoma, Trigonopoma and Trigonostigma, are diagnosed by presence of dark supra-anal pigment and subpeduncular streak as well as presence of the rasborin process on epibranchial 4. The Danionini are composed of two subtribes, Danionina and Chedrina, the Danionina including Chela, Danio, Devario, Microdevario and Microrasbora, and the Chedrina comprising Chelaethiops, Esomus, Luciosoma, Megarasbora, Mesobola, Nematabramis, Opsarius, Raiamas and Salmophasia. The Danionina are diagnosed by the unossified interhyal and presence of the danionin foramen in the horizontal limb of the cleithrum while the Chedrina are characterized by the postcleithrum absent or greatly reduced and approximately normal to abdominal ribs when present. In Rahmen einer kladistischen Analyse von 43 morphologischen Merkmalen von 34 Taxa konnte das Fehlen des Y-förmigen Ligaments als Autapomorphie des Taxon Danioninae identifiziert werden. Die Opsariichthyinae besitzen kein derartiges Ligament. Die Danioninae beinhalten zwei monophyletische Gruppen, Danionini und Rasborini. Die Rasborini (Boraras, Brevibora, Horadandia, Kottelatia, Rasbora, Rasboroides, Rasbosoma, Trigonopoma, Trigonostigma) besitzen einen dunklen supra-analen Pigmentfleck, Subpeduncularstreifen und einen charakteristischen Fortsatz auf dem Epibranchiale 4. Die Danionini bestehen aus zwei monophyletischen Gruppen, Danionina (Chela, Danio, Devario, Microdevario, Microrasbora) und Chedrina (Esomus, Luciosoma, Megarasbora, Mesobola, Nematabramis, Neobola, Opsarius, Raiamas, Salmophasia). Apomorphien der Danionina sind ein nicht ossifiziertes Interhyale und das Vorhandensein eines spezifischen Foramen im horizontalen Ast des Cleithrum, während die Chedrina durch das Fehlen bzw. die starke Reduktion des Postcleithrum gekennzeichnet sind. Table S1. Classification of danionines by Howes (1991) and interrelationship of danionines of Howes (1991) inferred from molecular trees presented in Conway et al. (2008), Fang et al. (2009), Rüber et al. (2007), and Tang et al. (2010). Superscript numbers denote the classification by Howes (1991). Table S2. Character matrix. Characters used for the phylogenetic analysis. Appendix S1. Examined material. Appendix S2. Character list. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.