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CAMPO E CIDADE, RURAL E URBANO NO BRASIL CONTEMPORANEO (field and city, rural and urban in contemporary Brazil)

2013; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ; Volume: 12; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Francês

10.4215/rm.v12i2.1177

1984-2201

Rosângela Aparecida de Medeiros Hespanhol,

Urban Development and Societal Issues

As mudancas que ocorreram no Brasil a partir dos processos de industrializacao, urbanizacao e, mais recentemente, de reestruturacao produtiva, engendraram multiplas consequencias sobre as relacoes campo-cidade, resultando em novas dinâmicas (economicos, sociais, culturais e politicos) e funcionalidades a esses recortes territoriais e seus conteudos, ressignificando-os. A crescente deterioracao das condicoes de vida nas cidades brasileiras, por um lado, e a presenca de novas atividades, funcoes, sujeitos e agentes sociais nos espacos rurais, por outro, tem levado a uma revalorizacao do campo, apreendido nao apenas como o lugar de desenvolvimento das atividades agropecuarias, mas tambem como espaco para se viver. Em virtude dessas mudancas, houve a emergencia de novas perspectivas e enfoques de analise sobre as relacoes campo-cidade e rural-urbano que consideram outras dimensoes e processos e nao apenas aqueles centrados nas atividades economicas. Considerando as diferentes possibilidades de analise e de recortes teorico-metodologicos sobre as relacoes campo-cidade e rural-urbano, se pretende neste artigo analisar, com base em revisao bibliografica e reflexoes teoricas, a importância de se reafirmar as particularidades que distinguem o campo e a cidade, bem como as formas que as relacoes de complementaridade entre esses espacos podem assumir no periodo contemporâneo. Palavras-chave : Relacoes campo-cidade, Rural-urbano, Particularidades, Brasil. ABSTRACT Changes that took place in Brazil from the processes of industrialization, urbanization and, recently, production reorganization engendered many consequences on rural-urban relations, resulting in new dynamics (economic, social, cultural and political), and functionalities to the territorial cuts and their contents, giving a new meaning to them. The increasing deterioration of living conditions in Brazilian urban centers, on one hand, and the presence of new activities, functions, subjects and social players in rural areas on the other hand, has led to a revaluation of the field, perceived not only as a place for agricultural activities development, but also as place to live. Due these changes, there was the emergence of new perspectives and approaches to analysis on rural-urban relations and field-city considering other dimensions and processes not only those focused on economic activities. Taking into consideration different opportunities of analysis and theoretical-methodological cutouts on relations rural-urban and field-city is intended to analyze in this article, based on literature review and theoretical discussions, to reaffirm the importance of the peculiarities that distinguish the field and the city as well as the ways that the complementarity between these spaces can play in contemporary period. Key words : Rural-urban relations, Field-city, Particularities, Brazil. RESUME Les changements qui se sont produits au Bresil a partir des processus de l’industrialisation, l’urbanisation et, plus recemment, la restructuration de la production ont engendre multiples consequences aux relations entre zones rurales et urbaines, entrainant en nouvelles dynamiques (economique, social, culturel et politique), et fonctionalite a ces coupes territoriales et leurs contenus, donnant une nouvelle lecture pour eux. La deterioration des conditions de vie dans les villes bresiliennes, d’une part, et la presence de nouvelles activites, les fonctions, sujets et acteurs sociaux dans les zones rurales, d’autre part, ont conduit a une revalorisation du rural, apprehende non seulement comme lieu de developpement des activites agricoles, mais aussi comme un endroit pour vivre. A cause de ces changements, il y a eu l’emergence de nouvelles perspectives et d’approches a l’analyse des relations rurales-urbaines et campagne-ville considerant d’autres dimensions et des processus, et pas seulement ceux qui sont axes sur les activites economiques. Considerant les differentes possibilites d’analyse et de coupures theorico-methodologiques sur les relations entre rural-urbain et campagne-ville, on veut examiner dans cet article, base sur l’examen de la documentation et des reflexions theoriques, en reaffirmant l’importance des specificites qui permettent de distinguer les campagnes et les villes ainsi que les facons que la complementarite entre ces lieux peut jouer dans la periode contemporaine. Mots-cles : Relations campagne-ville, Rural-urbain, Particularites, Bresil. DOI :