Constructing New Terminology for Intangible Cultural Heritage
2004; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 56; Issue: 1-2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1350-0775.2004.00456.x
ISSN1468-0033
Autores Tópico(s)Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. Glossary Intangible Cultural Heritage. Prepared by an international meeting of experts at UNESCO, 10–12 June 2002. Edited by Wim van Zanten, The Hague, Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO, August 2002, 17+iii pp.2. Peter Seitel, (ed.), Safeguarding Traditional Cultures: A Global Assessment of the 1989 UNESCO Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Heritage. Proceedings of the conference held at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., from 27 to 30 June 1999, organized by UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, and the Smithsonian Institution, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage. Washington, D.C., Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Smithsonian Institution. Available on the Internet at http://www.folklife.si.edu/unesco/, 2001. See also Peter Seitel, 'Defining the Scope of the Term Intangible Cultural Heritage'. Paper presented at the international meeting on Intangible Cultural Heritage: Priority Domains for an International Convention, organized by UNESCO in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22–24 January 2002, 14 pp.3. Participants included: Mr Antonio Arantes (Brazil), Ms Lourdes Arizpe (Mexico), H.E. Mr Mohammad Bedjaoui (Algeria; chairperson), Mr Oskár Elschek (Slovakia), Ms Sudha Gopalakrishnan (India), Mr Chérif Khaznadar (France), Mr Paul Kuruk (Ghana), Mr Ralph Regenvanu (Vanuatu), Mr Sompong Sucharitkul (Thailand; vice-chairperson), Mr Wim Van Zanten (the Netherlands; vice-chairperson), Ms Sue Wright (United Kingdom).4. The definitions for 'intangible cultural heritage' produced by the various meetings are: 1) Turin, March 2001: 'Peoples' learned processes along with the knowledge, skills and creativity that inform and are developed by them, the products they create and the resources, spaces and other aspects of social and natural context necessary to their sustainability; these processes provide living communities with a sense of continuity with previous generations and are important to cultural identity, as well as to the safeguarding of cultural diversity and creativity of humanity' (Recommendations to UNESCO No.7 in Action plan of Turin Round Table, March 2001; see also Guide 2001:5.); 2) Glossary, 2002: 'For the purposes of the present Convention, intangible cultural heritage means the practices and representations – together with their necessary knowledge, skills, instruments, objects, artefacts and places – that are recognized by communities and individuals as their intangible cultural heritage, and are consistent with universally accepted principles of human rights, equity, sustainability, and mutual respect between cultural communities. This intangible cultural heritage is constantly re-created by communities in response to their environment and historical conditions of existence, and provides them with a sense of continuity and identity, thus promoting cultural diversity and the creativity of humankind. (ii) Intangible cultural heritage, as defined in paragraph (i) above, covers the following domains: (1) Oral expressions, (2) Performing arts, (3) Social practices, rituals and festive events, and 4) Knowledge and practices about nature.' 3) And (3) Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 17 October 2003 : '(Article 2: Definitions) For the purposes of this Convention, 1. The 'intangible cultural heritage' means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, as well as with the requirement of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development. 2. The 'intangible cultural heritage', as defined in paragraph 1 above, is manifested inter alia in the following domains: (a) oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage;(b) performing arts;(c) social practices, rituals and festive events;(d) knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe;(e) traditional craftsmanship.5. Transcriptions by the UNESCO secretariat of the twelve-tape cassette with the recordings at the International Meeting of Experts on Intangible Cultural Heritage – Establishment of a Glossary, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 10–12 June 2002, 151 pp. [Unpublished.]6. Antonio Arantes, 'Report (draft version) on the Establishment of a Glossary' relating to the International Meeting of Experts on Intangible Cultural Heritage, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 10–12 June 2002, 14 pp. [Unpublished.]7. Ibid.8. Seitel, op. cit.9. Ibid.10. In the Glossary 2002 the second part of the definition of intangible cultural heritage runs: 'Intangible cultural heritage covers the following domains:'. I prefer the Convention text: 'The 'intangible cultural heritage is manifested inter alia in the following domains:' (see Appendix).11. Transcriptions, op. cit., 2002, pp.121–3, 126–50.12. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 17 October 2003: 'Safeguarding' means measures aimed at ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission, particularly through formal and non-formal education, as well as the revitalization of the various aspects of such heritage.'13. Jean Duvignaud and Chaznadar Chérif (eds.), Le patrimoine culturel immatériel; Les enjeux, les problématiques, les pratiques. Paris Babel, Maison des Cultures du Monde, 2004, 256 pp. (Internationale de l'Imaginaire series, 620).
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