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Vapor Pressure Osmometry

1992; Springer Nature; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_36

2629-639X

Fernand Pla,

Surfactants and Colloidal Systems

In earlier physicochemical characterizations of lignins, several absolute procedures were employed to determine number-average molecular weights, Mn. All of these methods were based on colligative properties such as freezing point depression — cryoscopy — (Gross et al. 1958, Doucet et al. 1970), boiling point elevation — ebulliometry — (Grushnikov et al. 1969), osmotic pressure — membrane osmometry — (Hess 1952, Karpovskaya et al. 1964, Rinaudo and Pla 1967), and vapor pressure depression — vapor pressure osmometry — (Marton and Marton 1964, Brown 1967, Froment et al. 1971, Pla and Robert 1974a,b, 1984, Dolk et al. 1986, Pla et al. 1986).