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Análise da composição e estrutura da comunidade arbustivo-arbórea de savana no sudoeste de Mato Grosso-Brasil

2013; Linguagem: Inglês

2639-6459

Fernando Ferreira de Morais,

Environmental and biological studies

The present study was conducted at Fazenda Sao Domingos, with an area of 240 ha of savanna vegetation, located 100 km from Caceres, southwestern Mato Grosso state, near the border of Brazil and Bolivia, with the coordinates 16o 22' 06 South latitude and 58° 17' West latitude as reference. The objectives were: a) to characterize the floristic composition and community structure of shrubs and trees, b) investigate the relationship of floristic composition and community structure to edaphic factors c) compare the floristic between this and other studies conducted in Cerrado regions. Random walks were performed in the area for the floristic survey and samples were deposited at Herbarium Rioclarense (HRCB). For the phytosociological study of the community five transects were established: three with 30 plots of 10 m X 20 m and two with 10 plots of equal size, totaling 110 plots with a total sampled area of 2.2 ha. Within the plots, woody individuals with a minimum of 1.5 m height and perimeter at breast height (PAP) ≥ 15 cm were numbered, measured the circumference (cm) and height (m) estimated from the ground to the apex of the canopy. To verify the correlation of floristic composition and community structure with edaphic, collected at depths of 0 -20 and 20 40 cm, was then the orientation of the transects, but with subdivision of transect three, so we transects over 10 plots, 10 were selected to represent the vegetation of each transect. Our results indicate differences in the physical / chemical soil between depths of 0-20 and 2040 cm in the six areas sampled. Edaphic variables that contributed to this differentiation of 020 cm were: organic matter (OM), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total bases (SB), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), sand and clay and soil collected from 20-40 cm cation exchange capacity (CEC), manganese (Mn), sand and clay. For the floristic similarity analysis between this study and other phytophysiognomies of Cerrado vegetation, 21 floristic listings were used for preparing a spreadsheet of presence and absence with 452 species. The area showed high floristic richness of 251 species belonging to 67 families. In the phytosociological survey, 2310 individuals were sampled corresponding to 96 species in 32 families. The composition, vegetation structure, indicator species and soil fertility favors the characterization of different physiognomies of cerradao and stricto senso cerrado for the study area. The Cluster analisis (UPGMA) floristic similarity analysis between this study and other areas, allowed the observation of the formation of five groups: Goias (GO) forms group (1); Sao Paulo (SP) forms group (2); Mato Grosso (MT4 A and B), (MT5) (MT1) and study area (AE) formed group (3); Distrito Federal (DF) and Minas Gerais (MG) formed group (4). MS1 A, B and C, MT3 and MT6 formed group (5). Latitude, longitude, altitude and temperature variables corroborated to observation of a gradient of species distribution in the sampled areas. Based on the information from this study, it was found that the area shows vegetation characteristic of cerradao and cerrado sensu stricto with local variation. Moreover, the farm area is between two ecoregions, the Provincia Serrana and the Depressao Cuiabana which supports the local physiognomic differentiation which determined by the geographical position in a transitional vegetation area.