Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Mapping Local-Scale Ecological Research to Aid Management at Landscape Scales

2011; Wiley; Volume: 49; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1745-5871.2011.00691.x

1745-5871

Philip J. Wallis, Ralph Mac Nally, John Langford,

Rangeland and Wildlife Management

Geographical ResearchVolume 49, Issue 2 p. 203-216 Mapping Local-Scale Ecological Research to Aid Management at Landscape Scales PHILIP J. WALLIS, Corresponding Author PHILIP J. WALLIS Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRALPH MAC NALLY, RALPH MAC NALLY Australian Centre for Biodiversity, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.Search for more papers by this authorJOHN LANGFORD, JOHN LANGFORD Uniwater – a joint initiative of The University of Melbourne and Monash University, c/o The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.Search for more papers by this author PHILIP J. WALLIS, Corresponding Author PHILIP J. WALLIS Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRALPH MAC NALLY, RALPH MAC NALLY Australian Centre for Biodiversity, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.Search for more papers by this authorJOHN LANGFORD, JOHN LANGFORD Uniwater – a joint initiative of The University of Melbourne and Monash University, c/o The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.Search for more papers by this author First published: 02 May 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2011.00691.xCitations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Natural resource management is typically defined by landscape-scale management zones, such as the Catchment Management Authority boundaries of the southern Murray-Darling Basin in Australia. Ecological research generally deals with local-scale phenomena, with studies at the scale of such landscape management units arising only recently. We developed a method that links local-scale ecological research to landscape-scale management zones, which is presented here as a geographical bibliographic database. This research proceeded in four phases. First, we assessed three decades of ecological research in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment in Victoria, Australia, using this method, revealing the locations where research has taken place across the landscape, and the research themes dominant in different bioregions. Second, we assessed the purposes to which the method could be applied. Third, we tested the method against one of these potential purposes to review ecological research in a subcatchment case study. Last, we interrogated the method to answer an ecological question. This methodological analysis demonstrated that mapping ecological research in this way allows the user to identify geographic gaps in research coverage, assist in limiting search results to a location of interest and to address location-specific ecological questions. In combination with landscape classification methods, such as biogeographic regionalisation units, this method can be used to evaluate research coverage across similar ecological communities. REFERENCES Appleford, P., Anderson, T.A. and Gooley, G.J., 1998: Reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica Cuvier (Percichthyidae), in Lake Dartmouth and tributaries of the Murray-Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 49, 163–169. Ballinger, A., Mac Nally, R. and Lake, P.S., 2005: Immediate and longer-term effects of managed flooding on floodplain invertebrate assemblages in south-eastern Australia: generation and maintenance of a mosaic landscape. Freshwater Biology 50, 1190–1205. Ballinger, A., Lake, P.S. and Mac Nally, R., 2007: Do terrestrial invertebrates experience floodplains as landscape mosaics? Immediate and longer-term effects of flooding on ant assemblages in a floodplain forest. Oecologia 152, 227–238. Ballinger, A., Mac Nally, R. and Lake, P.S., 2010: Decay state and inundation history control assemblage structure of log-dwelling invertebrates in floodplain forests. River Research and Applications 26, 207–219. Barmuta, L.A., 1989: Habitat patchiness and macrobenthic community structure in an upland stream in temperate Victoria, Australia. Journal of Freshwater Biology 21, 223–236. Bartley, R. and Rutherfurd, I., 2005: Measuring the reach-scale geomorphic diversity of streams: application to a stream disturbed by a sediment slug. River Research and Applications 21, 39–59. Bond, N.R., 2004: Spatial variation in fine sediment transport in small upland streams: the effects of flow regulation and catchment geology. River Research and Applications 20, 705–717. Bond, N.R. and Downes, B.J., 2000: Flow-related disturbance in streams: an experimental test of the role of rock movement in reducing macroinvertebrate population densities. Marine and Freshwater Research 51, 333–337. Bond, N.R. and Lake, P.S., 2003: Characterizing fish-habitat associations in streams as the first step in ecological restoration. Austral Ecology 28, 611–621. Bond, N.R. and Lake, P.S., 2005: Ecological restoration and large-scale ecological disturbance: the effects of drought on the response by fish to a habitat restoration experiment. Restoration Ecology 13, 39–48. Bond, N.R., Sabater, S., Glaister, A., Roberts, S. and Vanderkruk, K., 2006: Colonisation of introduced timber by algae and invertebrates, and its potential role in aquatic ecosystem restoration. Hydrobiologia 556, 303–316. Boyd, L., Mac Nally, R. and Read, J., 2005: Does fallen timber on floodplains influence distributions of nutrients, plants and seeds? Plant Ecology 177, 165–176. Campi, M.J. and Mac Nally, R., 2001: Birds on edge: avian assemblages along forest–agricultural boundaries of central Victoria, Australia. Animal Conservation 4, 121–132. Crook, D.A., 2004a: Is the home range concept compatible with the movements of two species of lowland river fish? Journal of Animal Ecology 73, 353–366. Crook, D.A., 2004b: Movements associated with home-range establishment by two species of lowland river fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, 2183–2193. Crook, D.A. and Gillanders, B.M., 2006: Use of otolith chemical signatures to estimate carp recruitment sources in the mid-Murray River, Australia. River Research and Applications 22, 871–879. Crook, D.A., Robertson, A.I., King, A.J. and Humphries, P., 2001: The influence of spatial scale and habitat arrangement on diel patterns of habitat use by two lowland river fishes. Oecologia 129, 525–533. Cunningham, S., Mac Nally, R., Read, J., Baker, P., White, M., Thomson, J.R. and Griffioen, P., 2009: A robust technique for mapping vegetation across a major river system. Ecosystems 12, 207–219. Cunningham, S.C., Thomson, J.R., Read, J., Baker, P.J. and Mac Nally, R., 2010: Does stand structure influence susceptibility of eucalypt floodplain forests to dieback? Austral Ecology 35, 348–356. DEWHA, 2008: Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia. Retrieved: 5 August 2010 from http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/bioregion-framework/ibra/index.html. Doeg, T. and Lake, P.S., 1981: A technique for assessing the composition and density of the macroinvertebrate fauna of large stones in streams. Hydrobiologia 80, 3–6. Doeg, T.J., Lake, P.S. and Marchant, R., 1989a: Colonization of experimentally disturbed patches by stream macroinvertebrates in the Acheron River, Victoria. Austral Ecology 14, 207–220. Doeg, T.J., Marchant, R., Douglas, M. and Lake, P.S., 1989b: Experimental colonization of sand, gravel and stones by macroinvertebrates in the Acheron River, southeastern Australia. Freshwater Biology 22, 57–64. Dorrough, J. and Moxham, C., 2005: Eucalypt establishment in agricultural landscapes and implications for landscape-scale restoration. Biological Conservation 123, 55–66. Dorrough, J., Moxham, C., Turner, V. and Sutter, G., 2006: Soil phosphorus and tree cover modify the effects of livestock grazing on plant species richness in Australian grassy woodland. Biological Conservation 130, 394–405. Douglas, M. and Lake, P.S., 1994: Species richness of stream stones: an investigation of the mechanisms generating the species-area relationship. Oikos 69, 387–396. Downes, B.J. and Jordan, J., 1993: Effects of stone topography on abundance of net-building caddisfly larvae and arthropod diversity in an upland stream. Hydrobiologia 252, 163–174. Downes, B.J. and Lake, P.S., 1991: Different colonization patterns of two closely related stream insects (Austrosimulium spp.) following disturbance. Freshwater Biology 26, 295–306. Downes, B.J. and Street, J.L., 2005: Regrowth or dispersal? Recovery of a freshwater red alga following disturbance at the patch scale. Austral Ecology 30, 526–536. Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S. and Schreiber, E.S.G., 1993: Spatial variation in the distribution of stream invertebrates: implications of patchiness for models of community organization. Freshwater Biology 30, 119–132. Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S. and Schreiber, E.S.G., 1995: Habitat structure and invertebrate assemblages on stream stones: a multivariate view from the riffle. Austral Ecology 20, 502–514. Downes, B.J., Glaister, A. and Lake, P.S., 1997: Spatial variation in the force required to initiate rock movement in 4 upland streams: implications for estimating disturbance frequencies. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16, 203–220. Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S., Glaister, A. and Webb, J.A., 1998a: Scales and frequencies of disturbances: rock size, bed packing and variation among upland streams. Freshwater Biology 40, 625–639. Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S., Schreiber, E.S.G. and Glaister, A., 1998b: Habitat structure and regulation of local species diversity in a stony, upland stream. Ecological Monographs 68, 237–257. Downes, B.J., Hindell, J.S. and Bond, N.R., 2000a: What's in a site? Variation in lotic macroinvertebrate density and diversity in a spatially replicated experiment. Austral Ecology 25, 128–139. Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S., Schreiber, E.S.G. and Glaister, A., 2000b: Habitat structure, resources and diversity: the separate effects of surface roughness and macroalgae on stream invertebrates. Oecologia 123, 569–581. Downes, B.J., Entwisle, T.J. and Reich, P., 2003: Effects of flow regulation on disturbance frequencies and in-channel bryophytes and macroalgae in some upland streams. River Research and Applications 19, 27–42. Downes, B.J., Bellgrove, A. and Street, J.L., 2005: Drifting or walking? Colonisation routes used by different instars and species of lotic, macroinvertebrate filter feeders. Marine and Freshwater Research 56, 815–824. Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S., Glaister, A. and Bond, N.R., 2006: Effects of sand sedimentation on the macroinvertebrate fauna of lowland streams: are the effects consistent? Freshwater Biology 51, 144–160. Frenken, K., Hardeman, S. and Hoekman, J., 2009: Spatial scientometrics: towards a cumulative research program. Journal of Informetrics 3, 222–232. Gawne, B., 1995: Effects of feeding by Agapetus species (trichoptera) on the density of epilithon in an Australian upland stream. Marine and Freshwater Research 46, 991–997. Gawne, B., 1997: Inconsistency in the experimentally derived relationship between epilithon abundance and the micro-distribution of Agapetus monticolus (Trichoptera). Australian Journal of Ecology 22, 325–333. Gawne, B. and Lake, P.S., 1995: Effects of microspatial complexity on a herbivore-epilithon interaction in an Australian upland stream. Freshwater Biology 33, 557–565. Gawne, B. and Lake, P.S., 1996: The effects of disturbance on a herbivore-epilithon interaction in an upland stream. Hydrobiologia 331, 153–160. GBCMA, 2003: Goulburn Broken Regional Catchment Strategy. Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority, Shepparton. Gust, N. and Handasyde, K., 1995: Seasonal variation in the ranging behavior of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) on the Goulburn River, Victoria. Australian Journal of Zoology 43, 193–208. Hart, B.T., Lake, P.S., Webb, J.A. and Grace, M.R., 2003: Ecological risk to aquatic systems from salinity increases. Australian Journal of Botany 51, 689–702. Hobbs, R.J., Higgs, E. and Harris, J.A., 2009: Novel ecosystems: implications for conservation and restoration. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24, 599–605. Horner, G.J., Baker, P.J., Mac Nally, R., Cunningham, S.C., Thomson, J.R. and Hamilton, F., 2009: Mortality of developing floodplain forests subjected to a drying climate and water extraction. Global Change Biology 15, 2176–2186. Horner, G.J., Baker, P.J., Mac Nally, R., Cunningham, S.C., Thomson, J.R. and Hamilton, F., 2010: Forest structure, habitat and carbon benefits from thinning floodplain forests: managing early stand density makes a difference. Forest Ecology and Management 259, 286–293. Humphries, P., 2005: Spawning time and early life history of Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) in an Australian river. Environmental Biology of Fishes 72, 393–407. Humphries, P. and Lake, P.S., 2000: Fish larvae and the management of regulated rivers. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 16, 421–432. Humphries, P., Growns, J.E., Serafini, L.G., Hawking, J.H., Chick, A.J. and Lake, P.S., 1998: Macroinvertebrate sampling methods for lowland Australian rivers. Hydrobiologia 364, 209–218. Humphries, P., Serafini, L.G. and King, A.J., 2002: River regulation and fish larvae: variation through space and time. Freshwater Biology 47, 1307–1331. Humphries, P., Cook, R.A., Richardson, A.J. and Serafini, L.G., 2006: Creating a disturbance: manipulating slackwaters in a lowland river. River Research and Applications 22, 525–542. Humphries, P., Brown, P., Douglas, J., Pickworth, A., Strongman, R., Hall, K. and Serafini, L., 2008: Flow-related patterns in abundance and composition of the fish fauna of a degraded Australian lowland river. Freshwater Biology 53, 789–813. Johnson, M., Reich, P. and Mac Nally, R., 2007: Bird assemblages of a fragmented agricultural landscape and the relative importance of vegetation structure and landscape pattern. Wildlife Research 34, 185–193. Jones, M.J. and Stuart, I.G., 2007: Movements and habitat use of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) juveniles in a large lowland Australian river. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 16, 210–220. Jordan, J. and Lake, P.S., 1996: Grazer-epilithon interactions in an Australian upland stream. Marine and Freshwater Research 47, 831–835. Kasel, S. and Bennett, L.T., 2007: Land-use history, forest conversion, and soil organic carbon in pine plantations and native forests of south eastern Australia. Geoderma 137, 401–413. King, A.J., 2004a: Density and distribution of potential prey for larval fish in the main channel of a floodplain river: pelagic versus epibenthic meiofauna. River Research and Applications 20, 883–897. King, A.J., 2004b: Ontogenetic patterns of habitat use by fishes within the main channel of an Australian floodplain river. Journal of Fish Biology 65, 1582–1603. King, A.J., 2005: Ontogenetic dietary shifts of fishes in an Australian floodplain river. Marine and Freshwater Research 56, 215–225. King, A.J. and Crook, D.A., 2002: Evaluation of a sweep net electrofishing method for the collection of small fish and shrimp in lotic freshwater environments. Hydrobiologia 472, 223–233. King, A.J., Crook, D.A., Koster, W.M., Mahoney, J. and Tonkin, Z., 2005: Comparison of larval fish drift in the Lower Goulburn and mid-Murray Rivers. Ecological Management & Restoration 6, 136–139. Koehn, J.D. and Harrington, D.J., 2005: Collection and distribution of the early life stages of the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) in a regulated river. Australian Journal of Zoology 53, 137–144. Koehn, J.D. and Harrington, D.J., 2006: Environmental conditions and timing for the spawning of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) and the endangered trout cod (M. macquariensis) in southeastern Australian rivers. River Research and Applications 22, 327–342. Koehn, J.D., Nicol, S.J. and Fairbrother, P.S., 2004: Spatial arrangement and physical characteristics of structural woody habitat in a lowland river in south-eastern Australia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14, 457–464. Kramer, A., Reich, P. and Lake, P.S., 2007: Preliminary insights into the status of ground-dwelling terrestrial arthropods at sites representing three riparian conditions. Ecological Management & Restoration 8, 147–150. Lada, H. and Mac Nally, R., 2008: Decline and potential recovery of Yellow-footed Antechinus in parts of south-eastern Australia: a perspective with implications for management. Ecological Management & Restoration 9, 120–125. Lada, H., Mac Nally, R. and Taylor, A.C., 2007a: Genetic reconstruction of the population dynamics of a carnivorous marsupial (Antechinus flavipes) in response to floods. Molecular Ecology 16, 2934–2947. Lada, H., Thomson, J.R., Mac Nally, R., Horrocks, G. and Taylor, A.C., 2007b: Evaluating simultaneous impacts of three anthropogenic effects on a floodplain-dwelling marsupial Antechinus flavipes. Biological Conservation 134, 527–536. Lada, H., Mac Nally, R. and Taylor, A.C., 2008a: Distinguishing past from present gene flow along and across a river: the case of the carnivorous marsupial (Antechinus flavipes) on southern Australian floodplains. Conservation Genetics 9, 569–580. Lada, H., Mac Nally, R. and Taylor, A.C., 2008b: Phenotype and gene flow in a marsupial (Antechinus flavipes) in contrasting habitats. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94, 303–314. Lada, H., Mac Nally, R. and Taylor, A.C., 2008c: Responses of a carnivorous marsupial (Antechinus flavipes) to local habitat factors in two forest types. Journal of Mammalogy 89, 398–407. Lada, H., Mac Nally, R., Thomson, J. and Taylor, A.C., 2008d: Impacts of massive landscape change on a carnivorous marsupial in south-eastern Australia: inferences from landscape genetics analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 45, 1732–1741. Ladson, A.R., Grayson, R.B., Jawecki, B. and White, L.J., 2006: Effect of sampling density on the measurement of stream condition indicators in two lowland Australian streams. River Research and Applications 22, 853–869. Lake, P.S. and Doeg, T.J., 1985: Macroinvertebrate colonization of stones in two upland southern Australian streams. Hydrobiologia 126, 199–211. Lake, P.S., Doeg, T.J. and Marchant, R., 1989: Effects of multiple disturbance on macroinvertebrate communities in the Acheron River, Victoria. Austral Ecology 14, 507–514. Lake, P.S., Thomson, J.R., Lada, H., Mac Nally, R., Reid, D., Stanaway, J. and Taylor, A.C., 2010: Diversity and distribution of macroinvertebrates in lentic habitats in massively altered landscapes in south-eastern Australia. Diversity and Distributions 16, 713–724. Lancaster, J., Downes, B.J. and Reich, P., 2003: Linking landscape patterns of resource distribution with models of aggregation in ovipositing stream insects. Journal of Animal Ecology 72, 969–978. Leslie, D.J., 2001: Effect of river management on colonially-nesting waterbirds in the Barmah-Millewa forest, south-eastern Australia. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 17, 21–36. Lindenmayer, D.B., Incoll, R.D., Cunningham, R.B. and Donnelly, C.F., 1999: Attributes of logs on the floor of Australian Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of different ages. Forest Ecology and Management 123, 195–203. Lumsden, L.F., Bennett, A.F. and Silins, J.E., 2002a: Location of roosts of the lesser long-eared bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi and Gould's wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii in a fragmented landscape in south-eastern Australia. Biological Conservation 106, 237–249. Lumsden, L.F., Bennett, A.F. and Silins, J.E., 2002b: Selection of roost sites by the lesser long-eared bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) and Gould's wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) in south-eastern Australia. Journal of Zoology 257, 207–218. McKay, S.F. and King, A.J., 2006: Potential ecological effects of water extraction in small, unregulated streams. River Research and Applications 22, 1023–1037. Mac Nally, R., 2007: Use of the abundance spectrum and relative-abundance distributions to analyze assemblage change in massively altered landscapes. The American Naturalist 170, 319–330. Mac Nally, R. and Brown, G.W., 2001: Reptiles and habitat fragmentation in the box-ironbark forests of central Victoria, Australia: predictions, compositional change and faunal nestedness. Oecologia 128, 116–125. Mac Nally, R. and Horrocks, G., 2000: Landscape-scale conservation of an endangered migrant:the Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor) in its winter range. Biological Conservation 92, 335–343. Mac Nally, R. and Horrocks, G., 2002: Proportionate spatial sampling and equal-time sampling of mobile animals: a dilemma for inferring areal dependence. Austral Ecology 27, 405–415. Mac Nally, R. and Horrocks, G., 2007: Inducing whole-assemblage change by experimental manipulation of habitat structure. Journal of Animal Ecology 76, 643–650. Mac Nally, R. and Horrocks, G., 2008: Longer-term responses of a floodplain-dwelling marsupial to experimental manipulation of fallen timber loads. Basic and Applied Ecology 9, 458–465. Mac Nally, R. and McGoldrick, J.M., 1997: Landscape dynamics of bird communities in relation to mass flowering in some eucalypt forests of central Victoria, Australia. Journal of Avian Biology 28, 171–183. Mac Nally, R. and Timewell, C.A.R., 2005: Resource availability controls bird-assemblage composition through interspecific aggression. The Auk 122, 1097–1111. Mac Nally, R., Bennett, A.F. and Horrocks, G., 2000: Forecasting the impacts of habitat fragmentation. Evaluation of species-specific predictions of the impact of habitat fragmentation on birds in the box-ironbark forests of central Victoria, Australia. Biological Conservation 95, 7–29. Mac Nally, R., Parkinson, A., Horrocks, G., Conole, L. and Tzaros, C., 2001: Relationships between terrestrial vertebrate diversity, abundance and availability of coarse woody debris on south-eastern Australian floodplains. Biological Conservation 99, 191–205. Mac Nally, R., Bennett, A.F., Brown, G.W., Lumsden, L.F., Yen, A., Hinkley, S., Lillywhite, P. and Ward, D., 2002a: How well do ecosystem-based planning units represent different components of biodiversity? Ecological Applications 12, 900–912. Mac Nally, R., Horrocks, G. and Bennett, A.F., 2002b: Nestedness in fragmented landscapes: birds of the box-ironbark forests of south-eastern Australia. Ecography 25, 651–660. Mac Nally, R., Parkinson, A., Horrocks, G. and Young, M., 2002c: Current loads of coarse woody debris on southeastern Australian floodplains: evaluation of change and implications for restoration. Restoration Ecology 10, 627–635. Mac Nally, R., Molyneux, G., Thomson, J., Lake, P. and Read, J., 2008: Variation in widths of riparian-zone vegetation of higher-elevation streams and implications for conservation management. Plant Ecology 198, 89–100. Mac Nally, R., Bennett, A.F., Thomson, J.R., Radford, J.Q., Unmack, G., Horrocks, G. and Vesk, P., 2009a: Collapse of an avifauna: climate change appears to exacerbate habitat loss and degradation. Diversity and Distributions 15, 720–730. Mac Nally, R., Horrocks, G., Lada, H., Lake, P.S., Thomson, J.R. and Taylor, A.C., 2009b: Distribution of anuran amphibians in massively altered landscapes in south-eastern Australia: effects of climate change in an aridifying region. Global Ecology and Biogeography 18, 575–585. Mac Nally, R., Wallis, E. and Lake, P.S., 2010: Geometry of biodiversity patterning: assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates at tributary confluences. Aquatic Ecology 45, 43–54. Marchant, R. and Hehir, G., 1999a: Growth, production and mortality of two species of Agapetus (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) in the Acheron River, south-east Australia. Freshwater Biology 42, 655–671. Marchant, R. and Hehir, G., 1999b: A method for quantifying hand-net samples of stream invertebrates. Marine and Freshwater Research 50, 179–182. Marchant, R. and Hehir, G., 2000: How efficient is extraction of stream insect larvae from quantitative benthic samples? Marine and Freshwater Research 51, 825–826. Marchant, R., Lake, P.S. and Doeg, T.J., 1991: Longitudinal variation in recolonization rates of macroinvertebrates along an upland river in south-eastern Australia. Freshwater Biology 25, 349–356. Martin, D., Beringer, J., Hutley, L.B. and McHugh, I., 2007: Carbon cycling in a mountain ash forest: analysis of below ground respiration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 147, 58–70. O'Connor, N.A., 1991: The effects of habitat complexity on the macroinvertebrates colonising wood substrates in a lowland stream. Oecologia 85, 504–512. O'Connor, N.A., 1993: Resource enhancement of grazing mayfly nymphs by retreat-building caddisfly larvae in a sandbed stream. Marine and Freshwater Research 44, 353–362. O'Connor, N.A. and Lake, P.S., 1994: Long-term and seasonal large-scale disturbances of a small lowland stream. Marine and Freshwater Research 45, 243–255. O'Connor, J.P., O'Mahony, D.J., O'Mahony, J.M. and Glenane, T.J., 2006: Some impacts of low and medium head weirs on downstream fish movement in the Murray-Darling Basin in southeastern Australia. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15, 419–427. O'Keefe, M.A. and Lake, P.S., 1987: The decomposition of pine, eucalypt and acacia litter in a small upland Victorian Stream. Bulletin of the Australian Society for Limnology 11, 15–32. O'Leary, P., Lake, P.S., Marchant, R. and Doeg, T.J., 1992: Macroinvertebrate activity in the water column of backwaters in an upland stream in Victoria. Marine and Freshwater Research 43, 1403–1407. Palmer, G.C. and Bennett, A.F., 2006: Riparian zones provide for distinct bird assemblages in forest mosaics of south-east Australia. Biological Conservation 130, 447–457. Pollino, C.A., Feehan, P., Grace, M.R. and Hart, B.T., 2004: Fish communities and habitat changes in the highly modified Goulburn Catchment, Victoria, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 55, 769–780. Radford, J.Q. and Bennett, A.F., 2007: The relative importance of landscape properties for woodland birds in agricultural environments. Journal of Applied Ecology 44, 737–747. Radford, J.Q., Bennett, A.F. and Cheers, G.J., 2005: Landscape-level thresholds of habitat cover for woodland-dependent birds. Biological Conservation 124, 317–337. van der Ree, R. and Bennett, A.F., 2001: Woodland remnants along roadsides: a reflection of pre-european structure in temperate woodlands? Ecological Management & Restoration 2, 224–226. van der Ree, R. and Bennett, A.F., 2003: Home range of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) in a network of remnant linear habitats. Journal of Zoology 259, 327–336. van der Ree, R., Soderquist, T.R. and Bennett, A.F., 2001: Home-range use by the brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) (Marsupialia) in high-quality, spatially limited habitat. Wildlife Research 28, 517–525. van der Ree, R., Bennett, A.F. and Gilmore, D.C., 2004: Gap-crossing by gliding marsupials: thresholds for use of isolated woodland patches in an agricultural landscape. Biological Conservation 115, 241–249. van der Ree, R., Bennett, A.F. and Soderquist, T.R., 2006: Nest-tree selection by the threatened brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in a highly fragmented agricultural landscape. Wildlife Research 33, 113–119. Rees, G.N., Beattie, G., Bowen, P.M. and Hart, B.T., 2005: Heterotrophic bacterial production in the lower Murray River, south-eastern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 56, 835–841. Reich, P., 2004: Patterns of composition and abundance in macroinvertebrate egg masses from temperate Australian streams. Marine and Freshwater Research 55, 39–56. Reich, P. and Downes, B.J., 2003a: The distribution of aquatic invertebrate egg masses in relation to physical characteristics of oviposition sites at two Victorian upland streams. Freshwater Biology 48, 1497–1513. Reich, P. and Downes, B.J., 2003b: Experimental evidence for physical cues involved in oviposition site selection of lotic hydrobiosid caddis flies. Oecologia 136, 465–475. Reich, P. and Downes, B.J., 2004: Relating larval distributions to patterns of oviposition: evidence from lotic hydrobiosid caddisflies. Freshwater Biology 49, 1423–1436. Richardson, A.J. and Cook, R.A., 2006: Habitat use by caridean shrimps in lowland rivers. Marine and Freshwater Research 57, 695–701. Schreiber, E.S.G., 1995: Long-term patterns of invertebrate stream drift in an Australian temperate stream. Freshwater Biology 33, 13–25. Schreider, S.Y., Jakeman, A.J., Pittoc, A.B. and Whetton, P.H., 1996: Estimation of possible climate change impacts on water availability, extreme flow events and soil moisture in the Goulburn and Ovens Basins, Victoria. Climatic Change 34, 513–546. Sharpe, A.K. and Downes, B.J., 2006: The effects of potential larval supply, settlement and post-settlement processes on the distribution of two species of filter-feeding caddisflies. Freshwater Biology 51, 717–729. Shirley, M.J. and Raadik, T.A., 1997: Aspects of the ecology and breeding biology of Galaxia fuscus Mack, in the Goulburn River System, Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 109, 157–166. Smith, J. and Lake, P., 1993: The breakdown of buried and surface-placed leaf litter in an upland stream. Hydrobiologia 271, 141–148. Stuart, I.G. and Jones, M., 2006a: Large, regulated forest floodplain is an ideal recruitment zone for non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Marine and Freshwater Research 57, 337–347. Stuart, I.G. and Jones, M.J., 2006b: Movement of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in a regulated lowland Australian river: implications for management. Fisheries Management and Ecology 13, 213–219. Thomson, J.R., Mac Nally, R., Fleishman, E. and Horrocks, G., 2007: Predicting bird species distributions in reconstructed landscapes. Conservation Biology 21, 752–766. Timewell, C.A.R. and Mac Nally, R., 2004: Diurnal foraging-mode shifts and food availability in nectarivore assemblages during winter. Austral Ecology 29, 264–277. Treadwell, S.A., Campbell, I.C. and Edwards, R., 1997: Organic matter dynamics in Keppel Creek, southeastern Australia. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16, 58–61. Vesk, P., Nolan, R., Thomson, J., Dorrough, J. and Mac Nally, R., 2008: Time lags in provision of habitat resources through revegetation. Biological Conservation 141, 174–186. Wallis, E., Mac Nally, R. and Lake, P.S., 2008: A Bayesian analysis of physical habitat changes at tributary confluences in cobble-bed upland streams of the Acheron River basin, Australia. Water Resource Research 44, W11421. Wallis, E., Mac Nally, R. and Lake, P.S., 2009: Do tributaries affect loads and fluxes of particulate organic matter, inorganic sediment and wood? Patterns in an upland river basin in south-eastern Australia. Hydrobiologia 636, 307–317. Webb, J.A., Downes, B.J., Lake, P.S. and Glaister, A., 2006: Quantifying abrasion of stable substrata in streams: a new disturbance index for epilithic biota. Hydrobiologia 559, 443–453. Williams, L., Reich, P., Capon, S.J. and Raulings, E., 2008: Soil seed banks of degraded riparian zones in southeastern Australia and their potential contribution to the restoration of understorey vegetation. River Research and Applications 24, 1002–1017. Zann, R. and Straw, B., 1984: Feeding ecology and breeding of zebra finches in farmland in northern Victoria. Wildlife Research 11, 533–552. Citing Literature Volume49, Issue2May 2011Pages 203-216 ReferencesRelatedInformation