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LA MICROZONIFICACION SÍSMICA COMO BASE PARA EL ORDENAMIENTO URBANÍSTICO DE CARACAS.

2015; Urbana: Urban Affairs and Public Policy; Volume: 1; Issue: 18 Linguagem: Espanhol

2151-1896

Teresa Guevara P, Mariela Stolk de Pettersson,

Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America

RESUMEN El ultimo sismo que causo danos severos a Caracas, la capital de Venezuela, ocurrio el 29 de julio de 1967, con una magnitud de 6.3 en la escala de Richter. Estudios derivados de la observacion de los danos ocasionados, identificaron una relacion muy estrecha entre la concentracion de danos estructurales y las caracteristicas del suelo. Desde entonces, Caracas ha presentado un crecimiento considerable, acompanado por la construccion de conjuntos de edificios de vivienda, y de oficinas de mediana y gran altura en zonas que fueron severamente danadas en dicho terremoto, sin que se hayan tomado, a nivel municipal, ni previsiones sismorresistentes, ni controles oficiales para el diseno de nuevas construcciones adaptadas a las caracteristicas del suelo local. Por otra parte, las ordenanzas de zonificacion vigentes, estimulan la utilizacion de configuraciones arquitectonicas que contribuyen a aumentar la vulnerabilidad de las edificaciones ante las fuerzas producidas por los terremotos, especialmente en las zonas en las que, despues del terremoto de 1967, se identificaron suelos aluvionales profundos. ABSTRACT Caracas, Venezuela's capital city, was last damaged by a moderate 6.3 Richter magnitude earthquake, on July 29, 1967. Several authors suggested, at that time, anomalous ground amplifications in these areas and studies carried out afterwards corroborated the correlation between the concentration of damage and the depths, the dynamic soil characteristics and the behavior of underlying alluvium. Since then, Caracas has grown considerably in population and in area being, this growth, accompanied by the construction of very audacious mid- and high-rise condominium type housing and office building complexes in areas that were severely damaged in the last earthquake, which ommits official controls on the design and construction of such buildings and neglects the importance of seismic microzoning as a tool for urban development. At the same time, at presente there are municipal urban ordinances that encourage certain building configurations that worldwide experience indicates, affect considerably the ability of buildings to withstand earthquakes, in areas which have been identified as prone lo significant ground amplifications.