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The naturally occurring carcinogen ptaquiloside is present in groundwater below bracken vegetation

2014; Wiley; Volume: 33; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/etc.2533

1552-8618

Frederik Clauson‐Kaas, Pia H. Jensen, Ole Stig Jacobsen, René K. Juhler, Hans Christian Bruun Hansen,

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

The present study demonstrates unequivocally the presence of the natural carcinogen ptaquiloside and its transformation product pterosin B in groundwater and surface water. Groundwater concentrations up to 0.23 nmol/L (92 ng/L) ptaquiloside and up to 2.2 nmol/L (0.47 µg/L) pterosin B were found. Of 21 groundwater samples, 5 contained ptaquiloside, exceeding the estimated threshold for drinking water (1.3-40 pmol/L). The results are critical for water abstraction in bracken-infested areas.