FIRE, AXE, AND PLOW: HUMAN INFLUENCE ON LOCAL PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN ARGOLID
1976; Wiley; Volume: 268; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47638.x
ISSN1749-6632
AutoresHamish Forbes, Harold A. Koster,
Tópico(s)Classical Antiquity Studies
ResumoAnnals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 268, Issue 1 p. 109-126 FIRE, AXE, AND PLOW: HUMAN INFLUENCE ON LOCAL PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN ARGOLID Fire, Axe, and Plow Hamish A. Forbes, Hamish A. Forbes Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Ṕennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this authorHarold A. Koster, Harold A. Koster Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Ṕennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this author Hamish A. Forbes, Hamish A. Forbes Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Ṕennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this authorHarold A. Koster, Harold A. Koster Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Ṕennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47638.xCitations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Reference 1 VITA-FINZI, C. 1969. The Mediterranean Valleys. Cambridge University Press. London , England . 2 See MARY H. CLARK Forbes' paper in this conference volume on modern gathering activities. 3 OTTERMAN, JOSEPH. 1974. Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing: a hypothesized desertification mechanism. Science 186, 4167: 531–533. 4 VITA-FINZI, C. 1 . 5 DROST, B. 1974. Late Quarternary Stratigraphy of the Southern Argolid (Peloponnese, Greece). M.S. Thesis in Geology. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Penn. 6 VERHEYE, W. & M.T. LOOTENS-DE-MUYNCK. 1974. A study of the present landscape in the Fournoi valley (Argolid, Greece), with some implications for further archeological research in the same area. Bulletin de la Société Belge d'Études Géographiques. XLIII, 1: 37–60. 7 ODUM, EUGENE P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd Edit. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia , Penn . 8 KOLARS, JOHN. 1966. Locational aspects of cultural ecology: the case of the goat in non-western agriculture. Geographical Review 56: 577–584. 9 KOLARS, JOHN. 8 . 10 CARPENTER, RHYS. 1966. Discontinuity in Greek Civilization. Cambridge University Press. London , England . 11 WRIGHT, H.E., JR. 1968. Climatic change in Mycenaean Greece. Antiquity XLII: 122–127. & WRIGHT, H.E., JR. 1972. Vegetation history. In W.A. MacDonald and G.R. Rapp, Eds. The Minnesota Messenia Expedition: Reconstructing a Bronze Age Regional Environment.: 188–199. University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis , Minn . 12 VITA-FINZI, C. 1 . 13 ODUM, E. 7 . 14 VERHEYE, W. & M.T. LOOTENS-DE-MUYNCK. 6 . 15 YASSOGLOU, N.J., D. CATACOUSINOS & A. KOUSKOLEKAS. 1964. Land use in the semi-arid zone of Greece. In Land Use in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climates. UNESCO. Arid Zone Research Series. XXVI: 63–67. 16 KARANTOUNIAS, A. & M. KHOURDHAKIS. 1972. Dinatotites ke adinamies tis Ellinikis ktinotrofias (The possibilities and limitations of Greek animal husbandry). Ellinika Themata.: 528–533. 17 ODUM, E. 7. 18 POLUNIN, O. & A. HUXLEY. 1965. Flowers of the Mediterranean. Chatto and Windus. London , England . 19 PRENTICE, ANNE. 1956. Re-afforestation in Greece. The Scottish Geographical Magazine 72: 25–31. 20 MARTIN, PAUL S. 1969. Wanted: a suitable herbivore. Natural History 78: 34–39. 21 For a consideration of the effects of diversification and its advantages for the human population of this region, see the paper by Hamish Forbes in this volume. 22 For more background informaton on Methana, see the papers by H.A. Forbes and M.H.C. Forbes in this volume. 23 VITA FINZI, C. 1 . 24 See Brian Drost5 for further elaboration of this point. 25 RUSSELL, J.C. 1969. Population in Europe: 500–1500. In The Fontana Economic History of Europe. C.M. Cipolla, Ed. 1: 5–59. Fontana. London , England . ANGEL, J.L. 1972. Ecology and population in the eastern Mediterranean. World Archaeology 4, 1: 88–105.; & TOPPING, PETER. 1972. The Post-Classical documents. In W.A. MacDonald and G.R. Rapp, Jr., Eds. The Minnesota Messenia Expedition: Reconstructing a Bronze Age Regional Environment.: 64–80. University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis, Minn. 26 VITA-FINZI, C. 1 . 27 These estimates are based upon field observations of the condition of noncultivated vegetation throughout the commune. The vegetation was mapped in the field and transferred to 1:5,000 maps of the commune, from which surface areas were computed by superimposing a grid-scale. The production of leafy parts in sample meter squares of the different plant communities was weighed and estimated. Woody parts have been estimated at twice the weight of leafy parts. 28 The figures on sold charcoal and firewood were obtained from local commune records. The estimates of domestic use of firewood are based upon informant data and considerable observation and fetching of firewood. All of the figures on grazing are derived from an intensive study of pastoralism in this region by Harold A. Koster. 29 A recent, and useful appraisal of the value of shrub vegetation in arid lands is CYRUS M. McKELL. 1975. Shrubs – A Neglected Resource of Arid Lands. Science 187 (no. 4179): 803–809. Citing Literature Volume268, Issue1Regional Variation in Modern Greece and Cyprus: Tword a Perspective on the Ethnography of GreeceFebruary 1976Pages 109-126 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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