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The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution

2013; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 496; Issue: 7445 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nature12027

1476-4687

Chris T. Amemiya, Jessica Alföldi, Alison Lee, Shaohua Fan, Hervé Philippe, Iain MacCallum, Ingo Braasch, Tereza Manousaki, Igor Schneider, Nicolas Rohner, Chris L. Organ, Domitille Chalopin, Jeramiah J. Smith, Mark Robinson, Rosemary A. Dorrington, Marco Gerdol, Bronwen Aken, Maria Assunta Biscotti, Marco Barucca, Denis Baurain, Aaron M. Berlin, Gregory L. Blatch, Francesco Buonocore, Thorsten Burmester, Michael S. Campbell, Adriana Canapa, John P. Cannon, Alan Christoffels, Gianluca De Moro, Adrienne L. Edkins, Lin Fan, Anna Maria Fausto, Nathalie Feiner, Marikò Forconi, Junaid Gamieldien, Sante Gnerre, Andreas Gnirke, Jared V. Goldstone, Wilfried Haerty, Mark E. Hahn, Uljana Hesse, Steve Hoffmann, Jeremy Johnson, Sibel I. Karchner, Shigehiro Kuraku, Marcia Lara, Joshua Z. Levin, Gary W. Litman, Evan Mauceli, Tsutomu Miyake, M. Gail Mueller, David R. Nelson, Anne Nitsche, Ettore Olmo, Tatsuya Ota, Alberto Pallavicini, Sumir Panji, Barbara Picone, Chris P. Ponting, Sonja J. Prohaska, Dariusz Przybylski, Nil Ratan Saha, Vydianathan Ravi, Filipe J. Ribeiro, Tatjana Sauka‐Spengler, Giuseppe Scapigliati, Stephen M. J. Searle, Ted Sharpe, Oleg Simakov, Peter F. Stadler, John J. Stegeman, Kenta Sumiyama, Diana Tabbaa, Hakim Tafer, Jason Turner-Maier, Peter Van Heusden, Simon White, Louise Williams, Mark Yandell, Henner Brinkmann, Jean-Nicolas Volff, Clifford J. Tabin, Neil H. Shubin, Manfred Schartl, David B. Jaffe, John H. Postlethwait, Byrappa Venkatesh, Federica Di Palma, Eric S. Lander, Axel Meyer, Kerstin Lindblad‐Toh,

Ichthyology and Marine Biology

The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.