Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Stratum corneum architecture, metabolic activity and interactivity with subjacent cell layers

1996; Wiley; Volume: 5; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00117.x

1600-0625

Peter M. Elias,

Contact Dermatitis and Allergies

Experimental DermatologyVolume 5, Issue 4 p. 191-201 Free Access Stratum corneum architecture, metabolic activity and interactivity with subjacent cell layers Peter M. Elias, Corresponding Author Peter M. Elias Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USAPeter M. Elias, Dermatology Service (190), Veterans Affairs Medical Center. 2150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA94121, USATel: +1(415) 750-2091Fax: +1(415) 751-3927Search for more papers by this author Peter M. Elias, Corresponding Author Peter M. Elias Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USAPeter M. Elias, Dermatology Service (190), Veterans Affairs Medical Center. 2150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA94121, USATel: +1(415) 750-2091Fax: +1(415) 751-3927Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00117.xCitations: 106AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Feingold K R. The regulation and role of epidermal lipid synthesis. Adv Lipid Res 1991: 24: 57– 79. 2 Elias P M, Feingold K R. Llpids and the epidermal water barrier: metabolism, regulation, and pathophysiology. Semin Dermatol 1992: 11: 176– 182. 3 Scheuplein R J, Blank I H. Permeability of the skin. Physiol Rev 1971: 51: 702– 747. 4 Elias P M, Friend D S. The permeability barrier in mammalian epidermis. J Cell Biol 1975: 65: 180– 191. 5 Elias, P M. Epidermal lipids, barrier function, and desquamation. J Invest Dermatol 1983: 80: 44– 49. 6 Elias P M, Menon G K. Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Adv Lipid Res 1991: 24: 1– 26. 7 Odland G P, Holbrook K. The lamellar granules of the epidermis. Curr Probl Dermatol 1987: 9: 29– 49. 8 Landmann L. The epidermal permeability barrier. Anat Embryol 1988: 178: 1– 10. 9 Menon G K, Feingold K R, Elias P M. The lamellar body secretory response to barrier disruption. J Invest Dermatol 1992: 98: 279– 289. 10 Wertz P W, Downing D T, Freinkel R K, Traczyk T N. Sphingolipids of the stratum corneum and lamellar granules of fetal rat epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1984: 83: 193– 195. 11 Grayson S, Johnson-Winegar A G, Wintroub B U, Isseroff R R, Epstein Jr, Elias P M. Lamellar body-enriched fractions from neonatal mice: Preparative techniques and partial characterization. J Invest Dermatol 1985: 85: 289– 295. 12 Williams, M L. Lipids in normal and pathological desquamation. Adv Lipid Res 1991: 24: 211– 252. 13 Menon G K, Williams M L, Ghadially R, Elias P M. Lamellar bodies as delivery systems of hydrolytic enzymes: implications for normal cohesion and abnormal desquamation. Br J Dermatol 1992: 126: 337– 345. 14 Fartasch M, Bassukas I D, Diepgen T L. Structural relationship between epidermal lipid lamellae, lamellar bodies and desmosomes in human epidermis: an ultrastruetural study. Br J Dermatol 1993: 128: 1– 9. 15 Elias P M Williams M L, Maloney M E, Bonifas J A, Brown B E, Grayson S, Epstein E H Jr. Stratum corneum lipids in disorders of cornilication: Steroid sulfatase and cholesterol sulfate in normal desquamation and, the pathogenesis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis. J Clin Invest 1984: 74: 1414– 1421. 16 Menon G K, Price L F, Bommannan B, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Selective obliteration of the epidermal calcium grandient leads lo enhanced lamellar body secretion. J. Invest Dermatol 1994: 102: 789– 795. 17 Madison K C, Swartzendruber D C, Wertz PW, Downing D T. Presence of intact intercullular lamellae in the upper layers of the stratum corenum. J Invest Dermatol 1987: 88: 714– 718. 18 Hou S Y E, Mitra A K, White S H, Menon G K, Ghadially R, Elias P M. membrane structures in normal and essential fatty acid deficient stratum corneum: characterization by ruthenium tetroxide staining and x-ray diffraction. J Invest Dermatol 1991: 96: 215– 223. 19 White S M, Mirejovsky D, King G I. Structure of lamellar lipid domains and corneocyte envelopes of murine stratum corneum. An X-ray diffraction study. Biochemistry 1988: 27: 3725– 3732. 20 Swartzendruber D C, Wertz P W Kitko D J, Madison K C, Downing D T. Evidence that the corneocyte has a chemically-bound lipid envelope. J Invest Dermatol 1987: 88: 709– 713. 21 Chang F, Swartzedrauber D C, Wertz P W, Squier C A. Covalently bound lipids in keratinizing epithelia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993: 1150: 98– 102. 22 Chapman S J, Walsh A. Membrane-coating granules are acidic organelles which possess proton pumps. J Invest Dermatol 1989: 93: 466– 470. 23 Holleran W M, Takagi Y, Jackson S M, Tran H T, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Processing of epidermal glucosylceramides is required for optimal mammalian cutaneous permeability barrier function. J Clin Invest 1993: 91: 1656– 1664. 24 Holleran W M, Sidransky E, Menon G K, Fartasch M, Grundmann J-U, Ginns E, Elias P M. Consequences of β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency in epidermis: ultrastructure and permeability barrier alterations in Gaucher disease. J Clin Invest 1994: 93: 1756– 1764. 25 Wertz P W, Cox P S, Squier C A, Downing D T: Lipids of epidermis and keratinized and non-keratinized oral epithelia. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 1986: 83: 529– 531. 26 Wertz P W, Kremer M, Squier S M. Comparison of lipids from edpidermal and palatal stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 1992: 98: 375– 378. 27 Elias P M, Menon G K, Grayson S, Brown B E, Rehfeld S J. Avian sebokeratocytes and marine mammal lipokeratinocytes: structural, lipid biochemical and functional considerations. Am J Anat 1987: 80: 161– 177. 28 Chang F, Wertz P W, Squier C A. Comparison of glycosidase activities in epidermis palatal epithelium, and buccal epithelium. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 1991: 100: 137– 139. 29 Mao-Qiang M, Feingold K R, Jain MElias P M. Extracellular processing of phospholipids to free fatty acids is required for permeability barrier homeostasis. J Lipid Res. 1995: in press. 30 Mao-Qiang M, Jain M, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Phospholipase A2 activity is required for permeability, barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 1995: in press. 31 Lampe M A, Burlingame A L, Whitney J, Williams M L Brown BE, Roitman E, Elias P M. Human stratum corneum lipids: characterization and regional variations. J Lipid Res 1983: 24: 120– 150. 32 Elias P M, Fritsch, P, Epstein E H Jr. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and recent microbiological and biochemical developments. Arch Dermatol 1977: 113: 207– 219. 33 Grubauer G, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Lipid content and lipid type as determinants of the epidermal permeability barrier. J Lipid Res 1989: 30: 323– 333. 34 Elias P M, Brown B E. The mammalian cutaneous permeability barrier: defective barrier function in sential fatty acid deficiency correlats with abnormal intercellular lipid deposition. Lab Invest 1978: 39: 574– 583. 35 Grubauer G, Elias P M, Feingold K R., Transepidermal water loss: the signal for recovery of barrier structure and function. J Lipid Res. 1989: 30: 323– 333. 36 Mao-Qiang M, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Exogenous lipids influence permeability barrier recovery in acetone treated murine skin. Arch Dermatol J 1993: 129: 728– 738. 37 Mao-Qiang M, Brown B F, Wu S, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Exogenous nonphysiologic versus physiologic lipids: divergent mechanisms for correction of permeability barrier dysfunction. Arch Dermatol 1995: 131: 809– 816. 38 Yang L, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Topical stratum corneum lipids accelerate barrier repair after tape stripping, solvent treatment, and some but not all types of detergent treatment. Br J Dermatol 1995: in press. 39 Yardley H J, Summerly R. Lipid composition and metabolism in normal and diseased epidermis. Pharmacol Ther. 1981: 13: 357– 383. 40 Ziboh V A, Chapkin R S. Metabolism and function of skin lipids. Prog Lipid Res 1988: 27: 81– 105. 41 Turley S D, Anderson J M, Dietschy J M. Rates of sterol synthesis and uptake in the major organs of the rat in vivo. J Lipid Res 1981: 22: 551– 569. 42 Feingold K R, Wiley M H, Moser A H et al. De novo sterologenesis in the intact primate. J Lab Clin Med 1982: 100: 405– 410. 43 Nicolaides N. Skin lipids. Science 1974: 186: 19– 26. 44 Feingold K R, Brown B E, Lear S R, Moser A H, Elias P M. Localization of de novo sterologenesis in mammalian skin. J Invest Dermatol 1983: 81: 365– 369. 45 Monger D J, Williams M L, Feingold K R, Brown B E, Elias P M. Localization of sites of lipid biosynthesis in mammalian epidermis. J Lipid Res 1988: 29: 603– 612. 46 Proksch E, Elias J M, Feingold K R. Localization and regulation of epidermal HMG CoA reductase activity by barrier requirements. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1991: 1083: 71– 79. 47 Holleran W M, Gao W N, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Localization of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis and serine pmitoyl transferase activity. Arch Dermatol Res 1995: 287: 254– 258. 48 Wu-Pong S, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Influence of altered serum cholesterol levels and fasting on cutaneous cholesterol synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 1994: 102: 799– 802. 49 Ponec M, Havekes L, Kempenaar J, Vermeer B J. Cultured human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes: differences in the regulation f cholesterol synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 1983: 81: 125– 130. 50 Mommaas-Kienhuis A-M, Grayson S, Wijsman M C, Vermeer B J, Elias P M: LDL receptor expression on keratinocytes in normal and psoriatic epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1987: 89: 513– 517. 51 Williams ML, Rutherford S L, Mommaas-Kienhuis A-M, Grayson S, Vermeer B J, Elias P M. Free sterol metabolism and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression as differentiation markers in cultured human keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 1987: 1332: 428– 440. 52 Ziboh V A, Miller C C. Essential fatty acid and polyunsturated fatty acis: Significance in cutaneous biology. Ann Rev Nutr 1990: 10: 433– 450. 53 Menon G K, Feingold K R, Moser A H, Brown B E, Elias P M. De novo sterologenesis in the skin (II). Regulation by cutaneous barrier requirments. J Lipid Res 1985: 26: 418– 427. 54 Grubauer G, Feingold K R, Elias P M. Relationship of epidermal lipogenesis to cutaneous barrier function. J Lipid Res 1987: 28: 746– 752. 55 Holleran W M, Feingold K R, Mao-Qiang M, Gao W N, Lee J M, Elias P M. Regulation of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis by barrier reciuirements. J Lipid Res 1991: 32: 1151– 1158. 56 Proksch E, Feingold K R, Mao-Qiang M, Elias P M. Barrier function regulates epidermal DNA synthesis. J Clin Invest 1991: 87: 1668– 1673. 57 Feingold K R, Brown B E, Lear S R, Moser A H, Elias P M. Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on cutaneous sterol synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 1986: 87: 588– 591. 58 Proksch E, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl eoenzyme A reductase activity in urine epidermis: modulation of enzyme content and activation state by barrier requirements. J Clin Invest 1990: 85: 874– 882. 59 Ottey K, Wood L C, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Cutaneous permeability barrier disruption increases fatty acid synthetic enzyme activity in the epidermis of hairless mice. J Invest Dermatol 1995: 104: 401– 405. 60 Jackson S M, Wood L C, Lauer S, Taylor J M, Cooper A D, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Effect of cutaneous permeability barrier disruption on HMG CoA reductase, LD receptor and apoprotein E mRNA levels in the epidermis of hairless mice. J Lipid Res 1992: 33: 1307– 1314. 61 Choi S-J, Jackson S M, Elias P M, Feingold K R., The role of protein synthesis in permeability barrier homeostasis. In: The biology of the epidermis: molecular and functional aspects, A. Ohkawara et al. Amsterdam : Elsevier: 1992: 11– 19. 62 Holleran W M, Mao-Qiang M, Gao W N Menon G K, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Sphingolipids are required for mammalian barrier function: II. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis delays barrier recovery after acute perturbation. J Clin Invest 1991: 88: 1338– 1345. 63 Feingold K R, Mao-Qiang M, Menon G K, Cho S S, Brown B E, Elias P M. Cholesterol synthesis is required for cutaneous barrier function in mice. J Clin Invest 1990: 86: 1738– 1745. 64 Mao-Qiang M, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Fatty acids are required for epidermal permeability barrier function. J Clin Invest 1993: 92: 791– 798. 65 Lee S H, Elias P M, Proksch E, Menon G K, Mao-Qiang M, Feingold K R. Calcium and potassium are important regulators of barrier homeostasis in murine epidermis. J Clin Invest 1992: 89: 530– 538. 66 Menon G K, Grayson S, Elias P M. Ionic calcium reservoirs in mammalian epidermis: ultrastructural localization with ion capture cytochemistry. J Invest Dermatol 1985: 84: 508– 512. 67 Menon G K, Lee S, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Localization of calcium in murine epidermis following disruption and repair of the permeability barrier. Cell Tissue Res 1992: 270: 503– 512. 68 Menon G K, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Integrity of the permeability barrier is crucial for maintenance of the epidermal calcium gradient. Br J Dermatol 1994: 130: 139– 147. 69 Menon G K, Price L F, Bommannan B, Elias P M, Feingold K R. Selective obliteration of the epidermal calcium gradient leads to enhanced lamellar body secretion. J Invest Dermatol 1994: 102: 789– 795. 70 Kupper T S. Immune and inflammatory processes in cutaneous tissues: mechanisms and speculations. J Clin Invest 1990: 86: 1783. 71 Hauser C, Saurat J-H, Schmitt J A, Jaunin F, Dayer J H. Interleukin-I is present in normal human epidermis. J Immunol 1986: 136: 3317– 3322. 72 Wood L C, Jackson S M, Elias P M, Grunfeld C, Feingold K R. Cutaneous barrier perturbation stimulates cytokine production in the epidermis of mice. J Clin Invest 1992: 90: 482– 487. 73 Tsai J-C, Feingold K R, Crumrine D, Wood L C, Grunfeld C, Elias P M. Permeability barrier disruption alters the localization and expression of TNF-alpha protein in the epidermis. Arch Derm Res 1994: 286: 242– 248. 74 Wood L C, Feingold K R, Sequeira-Martin S M, Elias P M, Grunfeld C. Barrier function coordinately regulates epidermal IL-1 mRNA levels. Exp Dermatol 1994: 3: 56– 60. 75 Nickoloff B J. Naider Y: Perturbation of epidermal barrier function correlates with initiation of cytokine cascade in human skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994: 30: 535– 546. 76 Elias P M, Holleran W M, Feingold K R, Menon G K, Ghadially R, Williams M L. Normal mechanisms and pathophysiology of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. Curr Opin in Dematol 1993: 231– 237. 77 Ghadially R, Halkier-Sorenson L, Elias P M. Effects of petrolatum on stratum corneum structure and function. J Am Aead Dermatol 1992: 26: 387– 396. Citing Literature Volume5, Issue4August 1996Pages 191-201 ReferencesRelatedInformation