Medical Tourism
2007; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 28; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/01947640701357763
ISSN1521-057X
Autores Tópico(s)Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size The author would like to thank his wife for all of her support throughout his law school endeavor. Southern Illinois University School of Law, c/o LawJournal Office, Lesar LawBuilding Notes 1. Jonathan G. Bethely, Exporting Patients: Money Versus Possible Safety Issues, Am. Med. News, Sept. 18, 2006, available at http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2006/09/18/bisa0918.htm (last visited Jan. 30, 2007). 2. Id. 3. Id. 4. Mark Repasky, A Cut Below: Americans Look Abroad for Health Care, ABCNews.com, Aug. 29, 2006, at http://abcnews.go.com/Business/IndustryInfo/story?id=2320839&page=1 (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). 5. Unmesh Kher, Outsourcing Your Heart: Elective Surgery in India: Medical Tourism Is Booming, and U.S. Companies Trying to Contain Health-Care Costs Are Starting to Take Notice, Time, May 21, 2006, at 44. 6. Michael Klaus, Outsourcing Vital Operations: What if U.S. Health Care Costs Drive Patients Overseas for Surgery?, 9 Quinnipiac Health L.J. 219, 229-32 (2006). 7. Cameron MacIntosh, Medical Tourism: Need Surgery, Will Travel, CBCNews.com, June 18, 2004, at http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/healthcare/medicaltourism.html (last visited Sept. 22, 2006). 8. See, e.g., Bethely, supra note 1. 9. Id. 10. Richard F. Storrow, Quests for Conception: Fertility Tourists, Globalization and Feminist Legal Theory, 57 Hastings L.J. 295, 295-99 (2005). 11. Geri Aston, Uninsured Climb to 46.6 Million, Am. Med. News, Sept. 18, 2006, available at http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2006/09/18/gv1110918.htm (last visited Jan. 30, 2007). 12. See id. This number, 46.6 million uninsured, does not include those persons who are covered by Medicare insurance or who have less than adequate coverage. See, e.g., Kenneth Wing, American Health Law 68-69 (unpublished ed. 2006). 13. See generally Wing, supra note 12, ch. 2. In 2004, the number of Americans who were insured was about 70%; clearly, the number is dropping. 14. See generally id. 15. Klaus, supra note 6, at 222. 16. Id. at 222-23. 17. 60 Minutes: Vacation, Adventure and Surgery (CBS television broadcast Sept. 4, 2005), available at http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/21/60minutes/main689998.shtml (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). Most surgical procedures in Thailand are one-eighth the cost of those in the United States. 18. Seth Myands & Thomas Fuller, With Premier at U.N., Thai Military Stages Coup, N.Y. Times, Sept. 20, 2006, at A1. The Thai military command staged a bloodless coup, ousting the Prime Minister, Parliament, and Congressional High Court. 19. See generally Klaus, supra note 6. 20. MacIntosh, supra note 7. 21. Id. 22. Becca Hutchinson, Medical Tourism Growing Worldwide, UDaily.com, July 25, 2005, at http://www.webcitation.org/5Ig0CGpSv (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). 23. See generally MacIntosh, supra note 7. 24. See Klaus, supra note 6, at 219. 25. Id. 26. See Bethely, supra note 1 (chart listing current medical tourism hospitals seeking accreditation through the Joint Commission). 27. Frederik Balfour & Manjeet Kripalani, Over the Sea, Then Under the Knife, Bus. Wk., Feb. 16, 2004, at 18. 28. Id. 29. Id. 30. Ramola Talwar Badam, Need Surgery? Buy a Plane Ticket to India, Ventura Cty. Star, Sept. 25, 2005, at B1. 31. John Lancaster, Surgeries, Side Trips for Medical Tourists, Wash. Post, Oct. 21, 2004, at A1. 32. Id. 33. Id. 34. Id. 35. Id. 36. Id. 37. Id. 38. Great Indian Hospitality Can Be Biz Too, Econ. Times (India), July 29, 2005, available at http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1185175.cms. 39. Hutchinson, supra note 22. 40. Mike Adams, Rising Popularity of Medical Tourism Reveals Deterioration of U.S. Healthcare System, NewsTarget.com, Apr. 21, 2005, at http://www.newstarget.com/007097.html (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). 41. Id. 42. Badam, supra note 30. 43. Apollo Hospitals Group, http://www.apollohospitalgroup.com/ (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). 44. 60 Minutes, supra note 17. 45. Id. 46. Klaus, supra note 6, at 224. 47. Id. 48. See Richard Hillestad et al., Can Electronic Medical Record Systems Transform Health Care? Potential Health Benefits, Savings, and Costs, 24 Health Affairs 1103, 1108 (Sept.-Oct. 2005). 49. See Apollo Hospitals Group,http://www.apollohospitalgroup.com; Bumrungrad Hospital, http://www.bumrungrad.com; Med Retreat, http://www.medretreat.com/destinations/. 50. See sources cited supra note 49. 51. See sources cited supra note 49. 52. See sources cited supra note 49. 53. See sources cited supra note 49. 54. See sources cited supra note 49. 55. See sources cited supra note 49. 56. See Bethely, supra note 1. 57. See, e.g., sources cited supra note 49. 58. Joint Commission International, http://www.jointcommission.org/ (last visited Nov. 11, 2006). 59. Bethely, supra note 1. 60. Id. 61. Id. 62. Apollo Hospitals Group, International Patients, at http://www.apollohospitalgroup.com/International. htm (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). 63. Fred de Sam Lazaro, NewsHour with Jim Lehrer: Traveling for Treatment (PBS television broadcast Feb. 21, 2005) (transcript available at http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/jan-june05/thailand__2-21.html). 64. Ctr. za Oploditev z Biomedicinsko Pomocjo,http://www.neplodnost.com (last visited Sept. 23, 2006). 65. Storrow, supra note 10, at 305. 66. See generally Klaus, supra note 6. 67. See generally Repasky, supra note 4. 68. See Klaus, supra note 6, at 233-46. 69. See, e.g., 60 Minutes, supra note 17. 70. Id. 71. Id. 72. Id. 73. Id. 74. Id. 75. Id. 76. World Bank, Human Dev. Sector Unit, Belarus: Poverty Assessment 47 (Nov. 2004). 77. See Balfour et al., supra note 27. 78. Eric Blyth & Abigail Farrand, Reproductive Tourism: A Price Worth Paying for Reproductive Autonomy?, 25 Critical Soc. Pol'y 91, 96 (2005). 79. Id. 80. Id. 81. Felicia R. Lee, Driven by Costs, Fertility Clients Head Overseas, N.Y. Times, Jan. 25, 2005, at Al. 82. Jesus Zeniga, Cuba: The Thailand of the Caribbean, New W. Indian, Mar. 2001, available at http://www.awigp.com/default.asp?numcat=sextour4 (last visited Sept. 24, 2006). 83. Id. 84. Michel Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic 33 (1963). 85. See, e.g., 60 Minutes, supra note 17. 86. Google Home Page, http://www.google.com (accessed Sept. 14, 2006). A simple Google search using the phrase "medical tourism" returned 31,000,000 pages, a significant number of which were individual Web sites for hospitals which, judging by their Web sites, were of varying quality. 87. Wing, supra note 12, at chs. 1 & 2. 88. See 60 Minutes, supra note 17. 89. Id. 90. Id. 91. Id. 92. See generally Marc T. Law, How Do Regulators Regulate? Enforcement of the Pure Food and Drugs Act, 22 J.L. Econ. & Org. 459 (2006). 93. See generally id. 94. See Joint Commission, supra note 61. 95. See Bethely, supra note 1. 96. See generally Wing, supra note 12, at ch. 1. 97. Id. at 22. 98. See MacIntosh, supra note 7. 99. See Bethely, supra note 1. 100. Id. 101. Id. 102. Id. 103. Id. 104. Id. 105. Id. 106. See Wing, supra note 12, ch. 2, at 1-2. 107. Id. 108. Bendix Autolite Corp. v. Midwesco Enters., 486 U.S. 888, 897 (1988) (Scalia, J., concurring). 109. See sources cited supra note 49. 110. See Kher, supra note 5, at 44. 111. Id. 112. See Bethely, supra note 1. 113. Id. 114. See Wing, supra note 12, at ch. 2. 115. See generally Storrow, supra note 10. 116. See Klaus, supra note 6, at 229. 117. See Badam, supra note 30. 118. See Bethely, supra note 1. 119. Id. 120. See sources cited supra note 49. 121. See, e.g., In re Aircrash in Bali, Indonesia on April 22, 1974, 684 F.2d 1301 (9th Cir. 1982). 122. Id. at 1309. 123. See generally Gregory B. Hartch, Comment, Wrong Turns: A Critique of the Supreme Court's Right to Travel Cases, 21 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 457 (1995). 124. See Aircrash in Bali, 684 F.2d at 1301. 125. Haig v. Agee, 453 U.S. 280 (1981). 126. Id. at 309. 127. Id. 128. 381 U.S. 1 (1965). 129. 499 F.2d 514 (D.C. Cir. 1974). 130. Zemel, 381 U.S. at 15. 131. Berrigan, 499 F.2d at 522. 132. 16A C.J.S. Constitutional Law § 693 (2007). 133. Id. 134. See Bethely, supra note 1. 135. Violent Crime Control and Enforcement Act, 42 U.S.C.A. § 3796 et seq. (2006). 136. Id. 137. Worthy v. Herter, 270 F.2d 905, 910 (D.C. Cir. 1959). 138. E.g., Marshal S. Zolla & Deborah E. Zolla, Lasting Wishes, L.A. Lawyer, Dec. 2000, at 42, 46. 139. See id.; Anita Pereira, Live and Let Live: Healthcare Is a Fundamental Human Right, 3 Conn. Pub. Int'l L.J. 414 (2004); Douglas A. Hastings, Foreward, 26 Am. J.L. & Med. 135, 140 (2000). 140. International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights, at http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm (last visited Oct. 29, 2006). 141. Pereira, supra note 139. 142. See International Covenant, supra note 140. 143. See supra text accompanying note 139. 144. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Massachusetts, 471 U.S. 724 (1985). 145. Id. at 731. 146. See Violent Crime Control and Enforcement Act, 42 U.S.C.A. §§ 3796 et seq. (2006). 147. Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1346(b) (1997), 28 U.S.C.A. § 2671 (2000), 28 U.S.C.A. § 2680 (2006). 148. See sources cited supra note 147. 149. See sources cited supra note 147. 150. Leg. Action Aug. 6, 1981, Pub. L. No. 97-31, § 12(30), 95 Stat. 156, repealed by Pub. L. No. 109-304, §§ 19, 120 Stat. 1710 (Oct. 6, 2006). Although this shipping statute was repealed in October of 2006, its prior existence serves as an example of the type of legislation Congress is willing to pass to regulate the international activity of American citizens. 151. See generally The Globalization of Health Care: Can Medical Tourism Reduce Health Care Costs?, Hearing Before the Senate Special Comm. on Aging, 109th Cong. (2006). 152. Id. at 43-44. 153. Id. at 35. 154. See Health and Human Services Hospital Compare, at http://www.hospitalcompare.hhs.gov/ (last visited Oct. 29, 2006). Such a Web site could be effective for comparing services in destination hospitals. 155. Metropolitan Life, 471 U.S. at 724. 156. Jonathan G. Bethely, North Carolina Company Drops Plan for Overseas Care, Am. Med. News, Oct. 23, 2006, available at http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2006/10/23/bise1023.htm (last visited Jan. 30, 2007). 157. Id.
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