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Mass Spectrometry and Glycomics

2010; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 14; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/omi.2009.0146

1557-8100

Joseph Zaia,

Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis

Glycosylation defines the adhesive properties of animal cell surfaces and the surrounding extracellular environments. Because cells respond to stimuli by altering glycan expression, glycan structures vary according to spatial location in tissue and temporal factors. These dynamic structural expression patterns, combined with the essential roles glycans play in physiology, drive the need for analytical methods for glycoconjugates. In addition, recombinant glycoprotein drug products represent a multibillion dollar market. Effective analytical methods are needed to speed the identification of new targets and the development of industrial glycoprotein products, both new and biosimilar. Mass spectrometry is an enabling technology in glycomics. This review summarizes mass spectrometry of glycoconjugate glycans. The intent is to summarize appropriate methods for glycans given their chemical properties as distinct from those of proteins, lipids, and small molecule metabolites. Special attention is given to the uses of mass spectral profiling for glycomics with respect to the N-linked, O-linked, ganglioside, and glycosaminoglycan compound classes. Next, the uses of tandem mass spectrometry of glycans are summarized. The review finishes with an update on mass spectral glycoproteomics. Abstract Introduction Mass spectral ionization methods Mass spectrometry of glycans Ionization Chromatographic interfaces for mass spectral glycomics Capillary electrophoresis of glycoproteins and released glycans Ion mobility MS applied to glycomics Mass spectrometry of high molecular weight glycoconjugates Mass spectral glycomics profiling Approaches without stable isotope labels N-linked glycomics O-linked glycomics Human milk glycomics Stable isotope labels for glycomics Permethylation labeling Reductive amination Tandem MS and the analysis of isomeric glycan mixtures Lactosamine linkages Sialic acid linkage isomers Branching isomers Fucosylated isomers Determination of other disaccharide linkages Glycosaminoglycan isomers MS of glycopeptides Tandem MS of glycopeptides Collision-induced dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation Electron capture dissociation Electron transfer dissociation Conclusions Acknowledgements Author disclosure statement List of abbreviations used References