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Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis

2014; Springer Nature; Volume: 112; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/bjc.2014.579

1532-1827

Vincenzo Bagnardi, Matteo Rota, Edoardo Botteri, Irene Tramacere, Farhad Islami, Veronika Fedirko, Lorenza Scotti, Mazda Jenab, Federica Turati, Elena Pasquali, Claudio Pelucchi, Carlotta Galeone, Rino Bellocco, Eva Negri, Giovanni Corrao, Paolo Boffetta, Carlo La Vecchia,

Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial. We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used dose–response meta-regression models and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 572 studies, including 486 538 cancer cases, were identified. Relative risks (RRs) for heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers and occasional drinkers were 5.13 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.95 for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.44 for colorectal, 2.65 for laryngeal and 1.61 for breast cancer; for those neoplasms there was a clear dose–risk relationship. Heavy drinkers also had a significantly higher risk of cancer of the stomach (RR 1.21), liver (2.07), gallbladder (2.64), pancreas (1.19) and lung (1.15). There was indication of a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of melanoma and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and risk of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were inversely associated. Alcohol increases risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast. There is accumulating evidence that alcohol drinking is associated with some other cancers such as pancreas and prostate cancer and melanoma.