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HIV-1 and interferons: who's interfering with whom?

2015; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 13; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nrmicro3449

1740-1534

Tomas Doyle, Caroline Goujon, Michael H. Malim,

Hepatitis C virus research

In this Review, Malim and colleagues discuss the evidence that type I interferons (IFNs) can control HIV-1 replicationin vivoand debate the controversial role of IFNs in promoting the pathological sequelae of chronic HIV-1 infection. The ability of interferons (IFNs) to inhibit HIV-1 replication in cell culture models has long been recognized, and the therapeutic administration of IFNα to HIV-1-infected patients who are not receiving antiretroviral therapy produces a clear but transient decrease in plasma viral load. Conversely, studies of chronic HIV-1 infection in humans and SIV-infected animal models of AIDS show positive correlations between elevated plasma levels of IFNs, increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), biomarkers of inflammation and disease progression. In this Review, we discuss the evidence that IFNs can control HIV-1 replication in vivo and debate the controversial role of IFNs in promoting the pathological sequelae of chronic HIV-1 infection.