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The architecture of the cortical taste nerve areas in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and their relationships to insular, sensorimotor and prefrontal regions

1968; Elsevier BV; Volume: 8; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/0006-8993(68)90174-1

1872-6240

Friedrich Sanides,

Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The cortical projection areas of the taste nerves4 on the surface show close affiliation with the face subdivision of the somatic koniocortex (Ks) and parts of the surrounding somatic belts: intermediate sensorimotor area (Ism) and surface subdivision of somatic prokoniocortex (proK, Fig. 3). The bulk of proK is hidden in the depth of the central operculum and enroaches even widely upon the caudal insula in its large claustrum-free share, a special feature of New World monkeys. Area proKscan be assumed to the site of second sensory representation as it did in low loris31. The deep pure gustatory area3 (area G) is located in the frontal operculum and encroaches upon the insula, on the one hand, and on the orbital surface, on the other. Area G is the rostral continuation of the generally parinsular located prokoniocortex belt. The insular cortex which area G meets in the depth of sulcus circularis corresponds to the anterior granular section of insular proisocortex, which can be distinguished also in rhesus monkey against a dysgranular middle section with accentuated Vth layer and a higher granularized caudal section. Such a granular anterior section of the insular proisocortex was so far only described in man and may be called prefrontal insula. At the rostral end area G meets the paramotor, slightly granularized belt of the prefrontal cortex. Area G represents, also in architectonic terms, a bridge between the prefrontal insula and the prefrontal cortex. Seen in the light of our concept of cortex evolution the chemical senses, olfaction and gustation, occupy older cortices than sharper objectifying and localizing senses as tactility, vision and audition. Only the latter have their main representation in most of the recent mammals in highly specialized koniocortices (so-called primary regions), the latest elaboration of sensory neocortex. As olfaction is known to occupy palecortex, that is, part of the 'rhinencephalon' which formed the original telencephalon in early vertebrates, gustation is localized with its pure area in the parinsular-paralimbic 'growth ring' of the telencephalon, where otherwise the so-called secondary and supplementary representations have their site.