From Sarajevo to 9/11: Travelling Memory and the Trauma Economy
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 17; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/13534645.2011.605578
ISSN1460-700X
Autores Tópico(s)Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 Ulrich Beck, Daniel Levy and Natan Sznaider, 'Cosmopolitanization of Memory: The Politics of Forgiveness and Restitution', in Cosmopolitanism in Practice, ed. Magdalena Nowicka and Maria Rovisco (Farnham: Ashgate, 2009), pp.111–128. 2 Derek Gregory, The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004), p.27. 3 Dubravka Ugresic, The Ministry of Pain [2004], trans. Michael Henry Heim (London: Saqi, 2005), pp.17–18. 4 Dubravka Ugresic, The Ministry of Pain, p.23. 5 Joe Sacco, The Fixer: A Story From Sarajevo, (Montreal: Drawn & Quarterly, 2003). 6 See Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life (New York: Houghton, 1999). See also Norman G. Finkelstein, The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering (London: Verso, 2003) and Jeffrey C. Alexander, 'Towards a Theory of Cultural Trauma', in Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, ed. Jeffrey C. Alexander et al., (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004). Alexander's theory of the 'trauma process' is convincing but even so offers only a partial account of the travel of memory and the power structures that propel traumas into the public eye. Alexander emphasizes the importance of symbolic, cultural and institutional resources, but excludes the constitutive role of economic and geopolitical factors in his analysis. 7 Edward W. Said, The World, The Text, The Critic (London: Faber, 1984). 8 Edward W. Said, 'Traveling Theory Reconsidered' [1994], in Reflections on Exile and Other Essays (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), p.437. 9 Edward W. Said, 'Traveling Theory Reconsidered', p.438. 10 Edward W. Said, 'Travelling Theory Reconsidered', p.452. 11 Edward W. Said, 'Travelling Theory Reconsidered', p.452. 12 Edward W. Said, 'Travelling Theory Reconsidered', p.451. 13 Edward W. Said, 'Travelling Theory Reconsidered', p.451. 14 Edward W. Said, The World, The Text, The Critic, p.247. 15 Edward W. Said, 'Travelling Theory Reconsidered', p.436. 16 Gregory Kent, Framing War and Genocide: British Policy and News Media Reaction to the War in Bosnia (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton, 2006), p.2. Earlier assessments of war casualties are higher. David Bruce Macdonald suggests some 280,000 casualties in Balkan Holocausts? Serbian and Croatian Victim-Centred Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002), p.264. 17 Gregory Kent, Framing War and Genocide. pp.252–79. 18 Jean Baudrillard, 'No Pity for Sarajevo', in This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia, ed. Thomas Cushman and Stjepan G. Mestrovic (New York: New York University Press, 1996), p. 81. 19 Jean Baudrillard, 'No Pity for Sarajevo', p.81. 20 See Andrew Hammond, The Balkans and the West: Constructing the European Other, 1945–2003 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004); Maria Todorova, Imagining the Balkans (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997); Slavoj Zizek, 'You May!', London Review of Books, (18 March 1999). 21 Jean Baudrillard, 'No Pity for Sarajevo', p.82, p.81. 22 Jean Baudrillard, 'No Pity for Sarajevo', p.82. 23 Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, 3 vols, [1867], trans. Ben Fawkes. (London: Penguin, 1976), vol. 1, p.12. 24 Joe Sacco, Safe Area Goražde (Seattle: Fantagraphics, 2000), pp.120–21. 25 Peter Andreas, Blue Helmets and Black Markets: The Business of Survival in the Siege of Sarajevo (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008), p.8. 26 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.51. 27 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p. 49. 28 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p. 25. 29 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.97. 30 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.61. 31 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.62. 32 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.100. 33 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.100. 34 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.34. 35 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.33. 36 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.3. 37 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.49. 38 Susan D. Moeller, Compassion Fatigue: How the Media Sell Disease, Famine, War, and Death (New York: Routledge, 1999). 39 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.24. 40 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.21. 41 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.76. 42 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.100. 43 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.100. 44 Aleksandar Hemon, The Lazarus Project, (New York: Penguin, 2008); Rajiv Chandrasekaran, Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq's Green Zone (New York: Knopf, 2006); Art Spiegelman, Maus II: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began (New York: Pantheon, 1991). 45 Hilary L. Chute, Hillary and Marianne DeKoven, 'Introduction: Graphic Narrative', Modern Fiction Studies, 52:4 (2006), p.768. 46 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.35. 47 Sacco's comic book is 105 pages long, but only contains three full-page panels and one panel on a double-page spread. 48 Luc Boltanski, Distant Suffering: Morality, Media and Politics, trans. Graham Burchell, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. xv. 49 Michael Rothberg, Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization (Stanford: Stanford UP, 2009), pp.3–5, pp.10–11. 50 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.36. 51 Joe Sacco, The Fixer, p.53. 52 Slavoj Zizek, Welcome to the Desert of the Real! Five Essays on September 11 and Related Dates (London: Verso, 2002), p.137. 53 Elizabeth Dauphinée, The Ethics of Researching War: Looking for Bosnia (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007), pp.1–2, pp.44–53.
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