Artigo Revisado por pares

Persuasion or Information? The Economics of Prescription Drug Advertising

1981; University of Chicago Press; Volume: 24; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1086/466973

ISSN

1537-5285

Autores

Keith B. Leffler,

Tópico(s)

Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy

Resumo

Previous articleNext article No AccessPersuasion or Information? The Economics of Prescription Drug AdvertisingKeith B. LefflerKeith B. Leffler Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Law and Economics Volume 24, Number 1Apr., 1981 Sponsored by The University of Chicago Booth School of Business and The University of Chicago Law School Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/466973 Views: 88Total views on this site Citations: 110Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1981 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:David A. Griffith, Hannah S. Lee, Goksel Yalcinkaya Understanding the relationship between advertising spending and happiness at the country level, Journal of International Business Studies 63 (Apr 2022).https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-022-00510-0Emily C. Lawler, Meghan M. Skira Information shocks and pharmaceutical firms’ marketing efforts: Evidence from the Chantix black box warning removal, Journal of Health Economics 81 (Jan 2022): 102557.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102557Zike Cao, Junhong Chu, Kai-Lung Hui, Hong Xu The Relationship Between Online Referral Marketing and Price Promotion: Evidence from a Large E-Commerce Platform, Journal of Management Information Systems 38, no.33 (Dec 2021): 855–888.https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2021.1962597Isabel Correia, Luís Armada, Paula Veiga Generics competition in the Portuguese pharmaceutical market, Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 17, no.11 (Sep 2020): 17–28.https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320953875Harindranath R. M., Bharadhwaj Sivakumaran Pharmaceutical Promotion, (Jan 2021): 44–63.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3034-4.ch004Melanie R. Savelli How the operationalization of exposure impacts studies on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 14, no.33 (May 2020): 409–424.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-03-2019-0021Andrew T. Ching, Hyunwoo Lim A Structural Model of Correlated Learning and Late-Mover Advantages: The Case of Statins, Management Science 66, no.33 (Mar 2020): 1095–1123.https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3221Lena Hoeck, Martin Spann The effects of first and second screen marketing on TV viewing activity, Journal of Media Economics 32, no.3-43-4 (Feb 2021): 82–98.https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2021.1890751Ebenezer Kwabena Tetteh Reducing avoidable medication-related harm: What will it take?, Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 15, no.77 (Jul 2019): 827–840.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.04.002Jörg Mahlich, B. Burcin Yurtoglu Returns on different types of investment in the global pharmaceutical industry, Managerial and Decision Economics 40, no.11 (Oct 2018): 16–36.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.2977Sanjog Misra , 1 ( 2019): 441.https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hem.2019.07.001Andrew T. Ching, Manuel Ignacio Hermosilla, Qiang Liu Structural Models of the Prescription Drug Market, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3348196Pierre Dubois, Laura Lasio Identifying Industry Margins with Price Constraints: Structural Estimation on Pharmaceuticals, American Economic Review 108, no.1212 (Dec 2018): 3685–3724.https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140202Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Zahid Ali Channar, Riaz Hussain Soomro, Jolita Vveinhardt, Dalia Streimikiene, Vishnu Parmar Antecedents of Symmetry in Physicians’ Prescription Behavior: Evidence from SEM-based Multivariate Approach, Symmetry 10, no.1212 (Dec 2018): 721.https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120721Quan Wang, Beibei Li, Param Vir Singh Copycats vs. Original Mobile Apps: A Machine Learning Copycat-Detection Method and Empirical Analysis, Information Systems Research 29, no.22 (Jun 2018): 273–291.https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0735Ebenezer Kwabena Tetteh Reducing Avoidable Medication-Related Harm: What Will it Take?, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3260474MAR CEBRIÁN VILLAR, SANTIAGO LÓPEZ GARCÍA Assessing the Impact of Field-of-Use Restrictions in Patent Licensing Agreements: The Ethical Pharmaceutical Industry in the United States, 1950–1962, Enterprise & Society 18, no.22 (Feb 2017): 282–323.https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2016.43Sanghwa Kim, Jeeyeon Kim, Jeonghye Choi, Yerim Chung The Interplay between B2B Marketing Activities and B2C Market Contexts, and Their Effect on B2B Sales Performance, Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society 41, no.44 (Nov 2016): 55–73.https://doi.org/10.7737/JKORMS.2016.41.4.055Caroline Ducarroz, Sha Yang, Eric A. Greenleaf Understanding the Impact of In-Process Promotional Messages: An Application to Online Auctions, Journal of Marketing 80, no.22 (Mar 2016): 80–100.https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.13.0190Michael Stros, Nick Lee Marketing dimensions in the prescription pharmaceutical industry: a systematic literature review, Journal of Strategic Marketing 23, no.44 (Jul 2014): 318–336.https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2014.931878Michel Strawczynski, Natalia Myronichev The persuasive role of information: The case of EITC reminders by mail, Public Policy and Administration 30, no.22 (Apr 2015): 115–144.https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076714558222Guy David, Sara Markowitz The Effect of Regulated Competition on Pharmaceutical Advertising and Promotion, Eastern Economic Journal 41, no.11 (Aug 2013): 24–39.https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2013.30Enar Ruiz-Conde, Jaap E. Wieringa, Peter S.H. Leeflang Competitive diffusion of new prescription drugs: The role of pharmaceutical marketing investment, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 88 (Oct 2014): 49–63.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.06.006William Encinosa, Chad Meyerhoefer, Samuel Zuvekas, Dongyi Du The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Health Insurance Markets, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 39, no.44 (Oct 2014): 749–767.https://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2014.33Andrew J. Epstein, Jonathan D. Ketcham Information technology and agency in physicians' prescribing decisions, The RAND Journal of Economics 45, no.22 (May 2014): 422–448.https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-2171.12057Yu Yu, Sachin Gupta Pioneering advantage in generic drug competition, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, no.22 (May 2014): 126–150.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-11-2013-0063William S. Comanor, Stuart O. Schweitzer Pharmaceutical economics, ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE , no.11 (Mar 2014): 55–82.https://doi.org/10.3280/POLI2014-001004Jaap E. Wieringa, Ernst C. Osinga, Enar Ruiz Conde, Peter S. H. Leeflang, Philip Stern Modeling the Effects of Promotional Efforts on Aggregate Pharmaceutical Demand: What We Know and Challenges for the Future, (Oct 2013): 591–628.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7801-0_20Faris El-Dahiyat, Reem Kayyali, Penelope Bidgood Physicians’ perception of generic and electronic prescribing: A descriptive study from Jordan, Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice 7, no.11 (Jan 2014): 7.https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-3211-7-7Andrew T. Ching, Tülin Erdem, Michael P. Keane Invited Paper —Learning Models: An Assessment of Progress, Challenges, and New Developments, Marketing Science 32, no.66 (Nov 2013): 913–938.https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2013.0805Simon P. Anderson, Federico Ciliberto, Jura Liaukonyte Information content of advertising: Empirical evidence from the OTC analgesic industry, International Journal of Industrial Organization 31, no.55 (Sep 2013): 355–367.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2013.06.002Roger Feldman, Félix Lobo Competition in prescription drug markets: the roles of trademarks, advertising, and generic names, The European Journal of Health Economics 14, no.44 (Jul 2012): 667–675.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-012-0414-7Jongwha Chang, Gary L Freed, Lisa A Prosser, Isha Patel, Steven R Erickson, Richard P Bagozzi, Rajesh Balkrishnan Associations between physician financial incentives and the prescribing of anti-asthmatic medications in children in US outpatient settings, Journal of Child Health Care 17, no.22 (Feb 2013): 125–137.https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493512456110Félix Lobo, Roger Feldman Generic Drug Names and Social Welfare, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 38, no.33 (Jun 2013): 573–597.https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2079505Tat Chan, Chakravarthi Narasimhan, Ying Xie Treatment Effectiveness and Side Effects: A Model of Physician Learning, Management Science 59, no.66 (Jun 2013): 1309–1325.https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1640Victoria Serra-Sastre, Alistair McGuire Information and diffusion of new prescription drugs, Applied Economics 45, no.1515 (May 2013): 2049–2057.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.648321Andrew J. Epstein, Susan H. Busch, Alisa B. Busch, David A. Asch, Colleen L. Barry Does Exposure to Conflict of Interest Policies in Psychiatry Residency Affect Antidepressant Prescribing?, Medical Care 51, no.22 (Feb 2013): 199–203.https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318277eb19Pierpaolo Cavallo, Sergio Pagano, Luna Carpinelli The Drug Prescription Process: A Network Medicine Approach, (Nov 2012): 537–562.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4998-0_32Mainak Mazumdar Introduction, (Jul 2012): 1–15.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2876-4_1Michel Strawczynski, Natalia Mironychev The Persuasive Role of Information: The Case of EITC Reminding Letters, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2343838Rosemary J. Avery, Matthew D. Eisenberg, Kosali I. Simon The impact of direct-to-consumer television and magazine advertising on antidepressant use, Journal of Health Economics 31, no.55 (Sep 2012): 705–718.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.05.002Andrew T. Ching, Masakazu Ishihara Measuring the Informative and Persuasive Roles of Detailing on Prescribing Decisions, Management Science 58, no.77 (Jul 2012): 1374–1387.https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1499Despina A Karayanni, Christina C Georgi Segmenting generic medicines? market, using physicians? attitudes and generic companies? prescription span as grouping criteria, Journal of Medical Marketing: Device, Diagnostic and Pharmaceutical Marketing 12, no.22 (Mar 2012): 104–122.https://doi.org/10.1177/1745790412443144Anat Lechner, Jeffrey S. Simonoff, Leslie Harrington Color-emotion associations in the pharmaceutical industry: Understanding Universal and local themes, Color Research & Application 37, no.11 (Aug 2011): 59–71.https://doi.org/10.1002/col.20643Simon P. Anderson, Federico Ciliberto, Jura Liaukonyte Information Content of Advertising: Empirical Evidence from the OTC Analgesic Industry, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1647825Tat Y. Chan, Chakravarthi Narasimhan, Ying Xie Treatment Effectiveness and Side Effects: A Model of Physician Learning, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2134084Hsien-Chang Lin, Steven R. Erickson, Rajesh Balkrishnan Physician Prescribing Patterns of Innovative Antidepressants in the United States: The Case of MDD Patients 1993–2007, The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 42, no.44 (Feb 2012): 353–368.https://doi.org/10.2190/PM.42.4.bStuart O. Schweitzer, William S. Comanor Prices Of Pharmaceuticals In Poor Countries Are Much Lower Than In Wealthy Countries, Health Affairs 30, no.88 (Aug 2011): 1553–1561.https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0923Dana Goldman, Darius Lakdawalla Intellectual Property, Information Technology, Biomedical Research, and Marketing of Patented Products, (Jan 2011): 825–872.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53592-4.00013-XMargaret Matear, Peter A. Dacin Marketing and societal welfare: A multiple stakeholder approach, Journal of Business Research 63, no.1111 (Nov 2010): 1173–1178.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.10.004Geoffrey K. Spurling, Peter R. Mansfield, Brett D. Montgomery, Joel Lexchin, Jenny Doust, Noordin Othman, Agnes I. Vitry, David Henry Information from Pharmaceutical Companies and the Quality, Quantity, and Cost of Physicians' Prescribing: A Systematic Review, PLoS Medicine 7, no.1010 (Oct 2010): e1000352.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000352Peter S. H. Leeflang, Jaap E. Wieringa Modeling the effects of pharmaceutical marketing, Marketing Letters 21, no.22 (Oct 2009): 121–133.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-009-9092-3W. DAVID BRADFORD, ANDREW N. KLEIT, PAUL J. NIETERT, STEVEN ORNSTEIN THE EFFECT OF DIRECT TO CONSUMER TELEVISION ADVERTISING ON THE TIMING OF TREATMENT, Economic Inquiry 48, no.22 (Apr 2010): 306–322.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00215.xAndrew Ching, Masakazu Ishihara Measuring the Informative and Persuasive Roles of Detailing on Prescribing Decisions, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1377255Feng Gu, John Q. Li The Value-Relevance of Advertising: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Industry, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 25, no.11 (Jan 2010): 85–120.https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X1002500104Jennifer L. Rice Are HMO physicians more price sensitive in prescribing brand‐name drugs?, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 3, no.33 (Sep 2009): 184–209.https://doi.org/10.1108/17506120910989642Stefan Stremersch, Walter Van Dyck Marketing of the Life Sciences: A New Framework and Research Agenda for a Nascent Field, Journal of Marketing 73, no.44 (Jul 2009): 4–30.https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.4.004Sridhar Narayanan, Puneet Manchanda Heterogeneous Learning and the Targeting of Marketing Communication for New Products, Marketing Science 28, no.33 (May 2009): 424–441.https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1080.0410Sara T.M. Kremer, Tammo H.A. Bijmolt, Peter S.H. Leeflang, Jaap E. Wieringa Generalizations on the effectiveness of pharmaceutical promotional expenditures, International Journal of Research in Marketing 25, no.44 (Dec 2008): 234–246.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2008.08.001Daniel B. Klein, Alexander Tabarrok Do Off-Label Drug Practices Argue Against FDA Efficacy Requirements? A Critical Analysis of Physicians' Argumentation for Initial Efficacy Requirements, American Journal of Economics and Sociology 67, no.55 (Nov 2008): 743–775.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2008.00597.xChen Miao-Sheng, Shih Yu-Ti Pricing of prescription drugs and its impact on physicians’ choice behavior, Health Care Management Science 11, no.33 (Feb 2008): 288–295.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-007-9039-2Yu Yu, Sachin Gupta Pioneering Advantage in Generic Drug Competition, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2008).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.925346Winghan Jacqueline Kwong, Edward C. Norton The Effect of Advertising on Pharmaceutical Innovation, Review of Industrial Organization 31, no.33 (Oct 2007): 221–236.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-007-9146-8Sriram Venkataraman, Stefan Stremersch The Debate on Influencing Doctors' Decisions: Are Drug Characteristics the Missing Link?, Management Science 53, no.1111 (Nov 2007): 1688–1701.https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0718Qais Al-Awqati Advertising and its discontents, Kidney International 71, no.99 (May 2007): 835–836.https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002282Kyle Bagwell Chapter 28 The Economic Analysis of Advertising, (Jan 2007): 1701–1844.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-448X(06)03028-7Sridhar Narayanan, Puneet Manchanda Heterogeneous Learning and the Targeting of Marketing Communication for New Products, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2007).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.935339Kurt R. Brekke, Michael Kuhn Direct to consumer advertising in pharmaceutical markets, Journal of Health Economics 25, no.11 (Jan 2006): 102–130.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2005.06.003Sridhar Narayanan, Puneet Manchanda, Pradeep K. Chintagunta Temporal Differences in the Role of Marketing Communication in New Product Categories, Journal of Marketing Research 42, no.33 (Oct 2018): 278–290.https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.3.278Katia Campo, Odette De Staebel, Els Gijsbrechts, Walter van Waterschoot Physicians' Decision Process for Drug Prescription and the Impact of Pharmaceutical Marketing Mix Instruments, Health Marketing Quarterly 22, no.44 (Sep 2008): 73–107.https://doi.org/10.1300/J026v22n04_05David Bradford, Andrew N. Kleit, Paul Nietert, Steven Ornstein The Effect of Direct to Consumer Television Advertising on the Timing of Treatment, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.800564Julie M. Donohue, Ernst R. Berndt Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Medication Choice: The Case of Antidepressants, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 23, no.22 (Oct 2018): 115–127.https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.23.2.115.51395Andrew S. Gallan Factors That Influence Physicians' Prescribing of Pharmaceuticals: A Literature Review, Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 16, no.44 (Dec 2011): 3–46.https://doi.org/10.3109/J058v16n04_02K. E. M. Groves, I. Sketris, S. E. Tett Prescription drug samples - does this marketing strategy counteract policies for quality use of medicines?, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 28, no.44 (Aug 2003): 259–271.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00481.xJun Ma, Randall S. Stafford, Iain M. Cockburn, Stan N. Finkelstein A statistical analysis of the magnitude and composition of drug promotion in the United States in 1998, Clinical Therapeutics 25, no.55 (May 2003): 1503–1517.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(03)80136-4Ronald J Vogel, Sulabha Ramachandran, Woodie M Zachry A 3-stage model for assessing the probable economic effects of direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals, Clinical Therapeutics 25, no.11 (Jan 2003): 309–329.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(03)90043-9Daniel B. Klein, Alexander T. Tabarrok Do Off-label Drug Practices Argue Against FDA Efficacy Requirements? Testing an Argument by Structured Conversations with Experts, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2003).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.425791Pierre Azoulay Do Pharmaceutical Sales Respond to Scientific Evidence?, Journal of Economics Management Strategy 11, no.44 (Dec 2002): 551–594.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2002.00551.x Davina C. Ling , Ernst R. Berndt , and Margaret K. Kyle Deregulating Direct‐to‐Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs: Effects on Prescription and Over‐the‐Counter Product Sales Ling/Berndt/Kyle, The Journal of Law and Economics 45, no.S2S2 (Jul 2015): 691–723.https://doi.org/10.1086/368004Eduardo P.S. Fiuza, Marcos de Barros Lisboa Credence Goods and Market Power: An Econometric Study on the Brazilian Pharmaceutical Industry, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2002).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.297903Marta Wosinska Just What the Patient Ordered? Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and the Demand for Pharmaceutical Products, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2002).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.347005Charles King Marketing, Product Differentiation and Competition in the Market for Antiulcer Drugs, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2002).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.891128Füsun F. Gönül, Franklin Carter, Elina Petrova, Kannan Srinivasan Promotion of Prescription Drugs and Its Impact on Physicians' Choice Behavior, Journal of Marketing 65, no.33 (Oct 2018): 79–90.https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.3.79.18329Matthias R. Greuner, David R. Kamerschen, Peter G. Klein The Competitive Effects of Advertising in the US Automobile Industry, 1970‐94, International Journal of the Economics of Business 7, no.33 (Jul 2010): 245–261.https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510050197177Fiona M. Scott Morton Barriers to entry, brand advertising, and generic entry in the US pharmaceutical industry, International Journal of Industrial Organization 18, no.77 (Oct 2000): 1085–1104.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7187(98)00057-5H. D. Vinod, P. M. Rao R&D and Promotion in Pharmaceuticals: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Exploration, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 8, no.44 (Dec 2015): 10–20.https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2000.11501876 By John A. Rizzo Advertising and Competition in the Ethical Pharmaceutical Industry: The Case of Antihypertensive Drugs Rizzo, The Journal of Law and Economics 42, no.11 (Jul 2015): 89–116.https://doi.org/10.1086/467419Mark W. Nichols Advertising and Quality in the U.S. Market for Automobiles, Southern Economic Journal 64, no.44 (Apr 1998): 922–939.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1998.tb00111.xAndrew N. Kleit Using Advertising to Generate Information and Signals for Product Quality: Lessons for Biotechnology Markets in Canada from Pharmaceutical Markets in the United States, (Jan 1998): 257–275.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5311-3_9P.A. Geroski What do we know about entry?, International Journal of Industrial Organization 13, no.44 (Dec 1995): 421–440.https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7187(95)00498-XAnn-Marie Craig, Mo Malek Market structure and conduct in the pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacology & Therapeutics 66, no.22 (Jan 1995): 301–337.https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(95)00002-XStephanie D. Taylor, Donald L. Sullivan, Stephen W. Birdwell A Comparative Analysis of Prescription Drug Advertising Before and After Patent Expiration, Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 9, no.44 (Dec 2011): 3–18.https://doi.org/10.3109/J058v09n04_02Thomas K. Hazlet, Sean D. Sullivan, Klaus M. Leisinger, Laura Gardner, William E. Fassett, Jon R. May Professional Organizations and Healthcare Industry Support: Ethical Conflict?, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3, no.22 (Jul 2009): 236–256.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180100004977Stefan Höög Over-the-Counter Drug Advertising: Argumentation or Persuasion?, Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 9, no.22 (Dec 2011): 69–91.https://doi.org/10.3109/J058v09n02_04Thomas J. Hoerger Market Failure, Information Imperfections, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Drug Information Journal 26, no.44 (Aug 2016): 647–654.https://doi.org/10.1177/009286159202600425Gerard W. Wood, Ashok K. Gumbhir, Johnny L. Anderson, Shelly C. Anderson Strategic Planning in the US Pharmaceutical Industry: An Introduction, Drug Information Journal 26, no.11 (Aug 2016): 53–62.https://doi.org/10.1177/009286159202600106 John A. Rizzo , and Richard J. Zeckhauser Advertising and Entry: The Case of Physician Services, Journal of Political Economy 98, no.33 (Oct 2015): 476–500.https://doi.org/10.1086/261691Mary Jane Sheffet, Steven W. Kopp Advertising Prescription Drugs to the Public: Headache or Relief?, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 9, no.11 (Nov 2018): 42–61.https://doi.org/10.1177/074391569000900104Douglas D. Evanoff Returns to R&D, and regulation of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, Review of Industrial Organization 4, no.22 (Sep 1989): 1–30.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02284667 Mark A. Hurwitz , and Richard E. Caves Persuasion or Information? Promotion and the Shares of Brand Name and Generic Pharmaceuticals, The Journal of Law and Economics 31, no.22 (Oct 2015): 299–320.https://doi.org/10.1086/467158Raymond Brastow, David Rystrom Wealth Effects of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, The American Economist 32, no.22 (Jul 2016): 59–65.https://doi.org/10.1177/056943458803200210RICHARD E. CAVES INFORMATION STRUCTURES OF PRODUCT MARKETS, Economic Inquiry 24, no.22 (Apr 1986): 195–212.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1986.tb01806.xSeth W. Norton Advertising Restrictions and the Size Distribution of Firms, International Journal of Advertising 5, no.11 (Mar 2015): 59–72.https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1986.11106953BEN T. YU A CONTRACTUAL REMEDY TO PREMATURE INNOVATION: THE VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF BRAND-NAME SPECIFIC RESEARCH, Economic Inquiry 22, no.44 (Oct 1984): 660–667.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1984.tb00713.xVincent P. Norris The Economic Effects of Advertising: A Review of the Literature, Current Issues and Research in Advertising 7, no.22 (May 2012): 39–134.https://doi.org/10.1080/01633392.1984.10505366 Richard Schmalensee Advertising and Entry Deterrence: An Exploratory Model, Journal of Political Economy 91, no.44 (Oct 2015): 636–653.https://doi.org/10.1086/261169Mark Hirschey Advertising and the profitability of leading and following firms, Managerial and Decision Economics 3, no.22 (Jun 1982): 79–84.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090030205Samuel Long Abstracts of Documents in this Supplement, (Jan 1982): 1–576.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5214-1_1Victor J. Tremblay, Carlos Martins-Filho A model of vertical differentiation, brand loyalty, and persuasive advertising, (): 221–238.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-0984(01)10011-8John Cawley, John A. Rizzo Spillover effects of prescription drug withdrawals, (): 119–143.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-2199(08)19006-9

Referência(s)
Altmetric
PlumX