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Time-resolved protein nanocrystallography using an X-ray free-electron laser

2012; Optica Publishing Group; Volume: 20; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1364/oe.20.002706

1094-4087

Andrew Aquila, Mark S. Hunter, R. Bruce Doak, Richard A. Kirian, Petra Fromme, Thomas A. White, Jakob Andreasson, David Arnlund, S. Bajt, Thomas R. M. Barends, Miriam Barthelmeß, Michael J. Bogan, Christoph Bostedt, Hervé Bottin, John D. Bozek, Carl Caleman, N. Coppola, Jan Davidsson, Daniel P. DePonte, Veit Elser, Sascha W. Epp, Benjamin Erk, Holger Fleckenstein, L. Foucar, Matthias Frank, Raimund Fromme, H. Graafsma, Ingo Grotjohann, Lars Gumprecht, János Hajdu, Christina Y. Hampton, Andreas Hartmann, R. Hartmann, Stefan P. Hau‐Riege, Günter Hauser, H. Hirsemann, P. Holl, James M. Holton, André Hömke, Linda C. Johansson, Nils Kimmel, Stephan Kassemeyer, Faton Krasniqi, K. U. Kühnel, Mengning Liang, Lukas Lomb, Erik Malmerberg, Stefano Marchesini, Andrew V. Martin, Filipe R. N. C. Maia, M. Messerschmidt, Karol Nass, Christian Reich, Richard Neutze, Daniel Rolles, Benedikt Rudek, Artem Rudenko, Ilme Schlichting, Carlo Schmidt, K. E. Schmidt, Joachim Schulz, M. Seibert, Robert L. Shoeman, Raymond G. Sierra, H. Soltau, D. Starodub, Francesco Stellato, Stephan Stern, L. Strüder, Nicuşor Tı̂mneanu, J. Ullrich, Xiaoyu Wang, Garth J. Williams, G. Weidenspointner, Uwe Weierstall, C. Wunderer, Anton Barty, John C. H. Spence, Henry N. Chapman,

Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications

We demonstrate the use of an X-ray free electron laser synchronized with an optical pump laser to obtain X-ray diffraction snapshots from the photoactivated states of large membrane protein complexes in the form of nanocrystals flowing in a liquid jet.Light-induced changes of Photosystem I-Ferredoxin co-crystals were observed at time delays of 5 to 10 µs after excitation.The result correlates with the microsecond kinetics of electron transfer from Photosystem I to ferredoxin.The undocking process that follows the electron transfer leads to large rearrangements in the crystals that will terminally lead to the disintegration of the crystals.We describe the experimental setup and obtain the first timeresolved femtosecond serial X-ray crystallography results from an