Revisão Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Species diversity and postcranial anatomy of eocene primates from Shanghuang, China

2012; Wiley; Volume: 21; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/evan.21336

ISSN

1520-6505

Autores

Daniel L. Gebo, Marian Dagosto, Xijun Ni, K. Christopher Beard,

Tópico(s)

Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

Resumo

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and ReviewsVolume 21, Issue 6 p. 224-238 Research Article Species diversity and postcranial anatomy of eocene primates from Shanghuang, China Daniel L. Gebo, Daniel L. Gebo [email protected] Daniel Gebo is a Presidential Research Professor, Presidential Teaching Professor, and Board of Trustees Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Northern Illinois University.Search for more papers by this authorMarian Dagosto, Marian Dagosto [email protected] Marian Dagosto is Associate Professor in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Northwestern University.Search for more papers by this authorXijun Ni, Xijun Ni [email protected] Xijun Ni is a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Search for more papers by this authorK. Christopher Beard, K. Christopher Beard [email protected] Christopher Beard is Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.Search for more papers by this author Daniel L. Gebo, Daniel L. Gebo [email protected] Daniel Gebo is a Presidential Research Professor, Presidential Teaching Professor, and Board of Trustees Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Northern Illinois University.Search for more papers by this authorMarian Dagosto, Marian Dagosto [email protected] Marian Dagosto is Associate Professor in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Northwestern University.Search for more papers by this authorXijun Ni, Xijun Ni [email protected] Xijun Ni is a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Search for more papers by this authorK. Christopher Beard, K. Christopher Beard [email protected] Christopher Beard is Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.Search for more papers by this author First published: 19 December 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21336Citations: 14 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The middle Eocene Shanghuang fissure-fillings, located in southern Jiangsu Province in China near the coastal city of Shanghai (Fig. 1), contain a remarkably diverse array of fossil primates that provide a unique window into the complex role played by Asia during early primate evolution.1 Compared to contemporaneous localities in North America or Europe, the ancient primate community sampled at the Shanghuang fissure-fillings is unique in several ways. Although Shanghuang has some typical Eocene primates (Omomyidae and Adapoidea), it also contains the earliest known members of the Tarsiidae and Anthropoidea (Fig. 2), and some new taxa that are not as yet known from elsewhere. It exhibits a large number of primate species, at least 18, most of which are very small (15-500 g), including some of the smallest primates that have ever been recovered.2-4 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. REFERENCES 1 Beard KC,Qi, T,Dawson MR, et al. 1994. A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China. Nature 368: 604–609. 2 Gebo DL,Dagosto M,Beard KC, et al. 2000. The oldest anthropoid postcranial fossils and their bearing on the early evolution of higher primates. Nature 404: 276–278. 3 Gebo DL,Dagosto M,Beard, KC, et al. 2000. The smallest primates. J Hum Evol 38: 585–594. 4 Gebo DL,Dagosto M,Beard KC, et al. 2001. Middle Eocene tarsals from China: implications for haplorhine evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol 116: 83–107. 5 Gebo DL,Dagosto M,Beard KC, et al. 2008. New hindlimb elements from the Middle Eocene of China. J Hum Evol 55: 999–1014. 6 Dagosto M,Terranova CJ. 1992. Estimating the body size of Eocene primates: a comparison of results from dental and postcranial variables. Int J Primatol 13: 307–344. 7 Goodman SM,O'Connor S,Langrand O. 1993. A review of predation on lemurs: implications for the evolution of social behavior in small nocturnal primates. In: PM Kappeler, JU Ganzhorn, editors. Lemur social systems and their ecological basis. New York: Plenum Press. p 51–66. 8 Andrews P. 1990. Owls, caves and fossils. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 9 Gebo DL,Dagosto M,Beard KC, et al. 2007. Primate humeral remains from the Middle Eocene of China. In: KC Beard, Z-X Luo, editors. Mammalian paleontology on a global stage: papers in honor of Mary R. Dawson. Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist 39: 77–82. 10 Boyer DM,Seiffert ER,Simons EL. 2010. Astragalar morphology of Afradapis, a large adapiform primate from the earliest late Eocene of Egypt. Am J Phys Anthropol 143: 383–402. 11 Beard KC,Tong Y,Dawson M, et al. 1996. Earliest complete dentition of an anthropoid primate form the Late Middle Eocene of Shanxi Province, China. Science 272: 82–85. 12 Musser GG,Dagosto M. 1987. The identity of Tarsius pumilus, a pygmy species endemic to the montane mossy forests of central Sulawesi. Am Mus Nov 2867: 1–53. 13 Grow N,Gursky-Doyen S. 2010. Preliminary data on the behavior, ecology, and morphology of pygmy tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus). Int J Primatol 31: 1174–1191. 14 Niemitz C. 1984. Locomotion and posture of Tarsius bancanus. In: C Niemitz, editor. Biology of tarsiers. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag. p 191–226. 15 Compton RH,Andau PM. 1986. Locomotion and habitat utilization in free ranging Tarsius bancanus: a preliminary report. Primates 27: 337–355. 16 Dagosto M,Gebo DL,Dolino CN. 2003. The natural history of the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta). In: PC Wright, EL Simons, S Gursky, editors. Tarsiers: past, present, and future. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p 237–259. 17 Godinot M,Dagosto M. 1983. The astragalus of Necrolemur (Primates, Microchoerinae). J Paleontol 57: 1321–1324. 18 Gebo DL. 1987. Functional anatomy of the tarsier foot. Am J Phys Anthropol 73: 9–311. 19 Simons EL. 2003. The fossil record of tarsier evolution. In: PC Wright, EL Simons, S Gursky, editors. Tarsiers: past, present, and future. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p 9–34. 20 MacPhee RDE,Beard KC,Qi T. 1995. Significance of primate petrosal from middle Eocene fissure-fillings at Shanghuang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. J Hum Evol 29: 501–514. 21 Rasoloarison RM,Goodman SM,Ganzhorn JU. 2000. Taxonomic revision of mouse lemurs (Microcebus) in the western portions of Madagascar. Int J Primatol 21: 961–1019. 22 Wang B. 2008. First record of primate fossils from Late Eocene in Eren Region, Nei Mongol, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 46: 81–89. 23 Martin RD. 1972. Adaptive radiation and behavior of the Malagasy lemurs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol 264: 295–352. 24 Walker A. 1974. Locomotor adaptations in past and present prosimian primates. In: FA Jenkins, editor. Primate locomotion. New York: Academic Press. p 349–381. 25 Gebo DL. 1987. Locomotor diversity in prosimian primates. Am J Primatol 13: 271–281. 26 Kay RF,Ross CF,Williams BA. 1997. Anthropoid origins. Science 275: 797–804. 27 Kay RF,Williams BA,Ross CF, et al. 2004. Anthropoid origins: a phylogenetic analysis. In: CF Ross, RF Kay, editors. Anthropoid origins: new visions. New York: Kluwe Academic/Plenum Publishers. p 91–135. 28 Gunnell GF,Miller ER. 2001. Origin of Anthropoidea: dental evidence and recognition of early anthropoids in the fossil record, with comments on the Asian anthropoid radiation. Am J Phys Anthropol 114: 177–191. 29 Marivaux L,Antoine PO,Baqri SFH, et al. 2005. Anthropoid primates from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills): data on early anthropoid evolution and biogeography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 8336–8441. 30 Williams BA,Kay RF,Kirk EC, et al. 2010. Darwinius masillae is a strepsirhine; a reply to Franzen et al. (2009). J Hum Evol 59: 567–573. 31 Marivaux L. 2006. The eosimiid and amphipithecid primates (Anthropoidea) from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan): new insight into early higher primate evolution in South Asia. Palaeovertebrata 34: 29–109. 32 Seiffert ER,Simons EL,Boyer DM, et al. 2010. A fossil primate of uncertain affinities form the earliest late Eocene of Egypt. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 9712–9717. 33 Jaeger JJ,Marivaux L. 2005. Shaking the earliest branches of anthropoid primate evolution. Science 310: 244–245. 34 Beard KC,Wang J. 2004. The eosimiid primates (anthropoidea) of the Heti Formation, Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi and Henan Provinces, People's Republic of China. J Hum Evol 46: 401–432. 35 Gebo DL,Dagosto M,Beard KC, et al. 2008. A haplorhine first metatarsal from the Middle Eocene of China. In: JG Fleagle, CC Gilbert, editors. Elwyn Simons: a search for origins. New York: Springer. p 229–242. 36 Dagosto M,Gebo DL,Beard KC, et al. 2008. Primate tibiae from the middle Eocene Shanghuang fissure-fillings of eastern China. In: EJ Sargis, M Dagosto, editors. Mammalian evolutionary morphology: a tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. p 315–324. 37 Szalay FS,Dagosto M. 1980. Locomotor adaptations as reflected on the humerus of Paleogene primates. Folia Primatol 34: 1–45. 38 Dagosto M,Gebo DL,Beard KC. 1999. Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming, Part 14; Postcranium of Shoshonius cooperi (Mammalia: Primates). Ann Carnegie Mus 68: 175–211. 39 Fleagle JG,Kay RF. 1987. The phyletic position of the Parapithecidae. J Hum Evol 16: 483–532. 40 Hill WCO. 1953. Primates; comparative anatomy and taxonomy, vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Publications. 41 Grand TI. 1968. The functional anatomy of the lower limb of the howler monkey (Alouatta caraya). Am J Phys Anthropol 28: 163–182. 42 Stern JT. 1971. Functional myology of the hip and thigh of cebid monkeys and its implications for the evolution of erect posture. Bibliotheca Primatologica, no. 14. Basel: Karger. p 1–318. 43 Schultz AH. 1969. Observations on the acetabulum of primates. Folia Primatol 11: 181–199. 44 Fleagle JG,Simons EL. 1995. Limb skeleton and locomotor adaptations of Apidium phiomense, an Oligocene anthropoid from Egypt. Am J Phys Anthropol 97: 235–289. 45 Napier JR,Walker AC. 1967. Vertical clinging and leaping: a newly recognized category of primate locomotion. Folia Primatol 6: 204–219. 46 Anemone RL. 1990. The VCL hypothesis revisited: patterns of femoral morphology among quadrupedal and saltatorial prosimian primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 83: 373–393. 47 Dagosto M. 1993. Postcranial anatomy and locomotor behavior in Eocene primates. In: DL Gebo, editor. Postcranial adaptation in nonhuman primates. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Press. p 199–219. 48 Dagosto M. 1985. The distal tibia of primates with special reference to the Omomyidae. Int J Primatol 6: 45–75. 49 Meldrum DJ,Kay RF. 1997. Postcranial skeleton of Laventan platyrrhines. In: RF Kay, RH Madden, RL Cifelli, JJ Flynn, editors. Vertebrate paleontology in the neoptropics. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 459–472. 50 Fleagle JG,Simons EL. 1983. The tibio-fibular articulation in Apidium phiomense, an Oligocene anthropoid. Nature 301: 238–239. 51 Ford SM. 1986. Systematics of the New World monkeys. In: D Swindler, J Erwin, editors. Comparative primate biology. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 73–135. 52 Ford SM. 1990. Locomotor adaptations of fossil platyrrhines. J Hum Evol 19: 141–173. 53 Gidley JW. 1923. Paleocene primates of the Fort Union, with discussion of relationships of Eocene primates. Proc US Nat Mus 63: 1–38. 54 Szalay FS. 1975. Phylogeny of primate higher taxa: the basicranial evidence. In: W Luckett, F Szalay, editors. Phylogeny of the primates. New York: Plenum Press. p 91–125. 55 Gingerich PD,Schoeninger M. 1977. The fossil record and primate phylogeny. J Hum Evol 6: 483–503. 56 Cartmill M,Kay RF. 1978. Cranio-dental morphology, tarsier affinities, and primate suborders. In: DJ Chivers, KA Joysey, editors. Recent advances of primatology, vol. 3. New York: Academic Press. p 205–214. 57 Rosenberger AL,Szalay FS. 1980. On the tarsiiform origins of the Anthropoidea. In: RL Ciochon, AB Chiarelli, editors. Evolutionary biology of the New World monkeys and continental drift. New York: Plenum Press. p 139–157. 58 Hoffstetter R. 1982. Les Primates Simiiformes (=Anthropoidea): compréhension, phylogénie, histoire biogéographique. Ann Paléontol 68: 241–290. 59 Ford SM. 1988. Postcranial adaptations of the earliest platyrrhines. J Hum Evol 17: 155–192. 60 Rasmussen DT,Simons EL. 1988. New specimens of Oligopithecus savagei, early Oligocene primate from the Fayum, Egypt. Folia Primatol 69: 250–285. 61 Kay RF,Williams BA. 1994. Dental evidence for anthropoid origins. In: JG Fleagle, RF Kay, editors. Anthropoid origins. New York: Plenum Press. p 361–445. 62 Rasmussen DT. 1994. The different meanings of a tarsioid-anthropoid clade and a new model of anthropoid origin. In: JG Fleagle, RF Kay, editors. Anthropoid origins. New York: Plenum Press. p 335–360. 63 Godinot M. 1994. Early North African primates and their significance for the origin of Simiiformes (=Anthropoidea). In: JG Fleagle, RF Kay, editors. Anthropoid origins. New York: Plenum Press. p 235–295. 64 Jaeger JJ,Thein T,Benammi M, et al. 1999. A new primate from the middle Eocene of Myanmar and Asian early origin of Anthropoids. Science 286: 528–530. 65 Jaeger JJ,Beard KC,Chaimanee Y, et al. 2010. Late middle Eocene epoch of Libya yields earliest known radiation of African anthropoids. Nature 467: 1095–1098. 66 Marivaux L,Chaimanee Y,Ducroq S, et al. 2003. The anthropoid status of a primate from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Central Myanmar): tarsal evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 13173–13178. 67 Beard KC. 2002. Basal anthropoids. In: WC Hartwig, editor. The primate fossil record. Cambridge UK. Cambridge University Press. p. 133–149. 68 Seiffert ER,Simons EL,Clyd WC, et al. 2005. Basal anthropoids from Egypt and the antiquity of Africa's higher primate radiation. Science 310: 300–304. 69 Franzen JL,Gingerich PD,Habersetzer J, et al. 2009. Complete primate skeleton from the middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: morphology and paleobiology. PLoS ONE 4: e5723. 70 Ni X,Meng J,Beard KC, et al. 2011. Phylogeny of the primates and their relatives: an analysis based on a large data matrix. In: T Lehmann, SFK Schaal, editors. The world at the time of Messel: puzzles in palaeobiology, palaeoenvironment, and the history of early primates. Frankfurt am Main: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung. p 125–126. 71 Schlosser M. 1911. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der oligozänen Landsäugetiere aus dem Fayum Ägypten). Beiträge Paläontol Geol Österreich-Ungarns Orients 24: 51–167. 72 JG Fleagle, CC Gilbert, editors. 2008. Elwyn Simons: a search for origins. New York: Springer. 73 Simons EL. 1989. Description of two genera and species of late Eocene Anthropoidea from Egypt. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86: 9956–9960. 74 Simons EL. 1990. Discovery of the oldest known anthropoidean skull from the Paleogene of Egypt. Science 247: 1567–1569. 75 Simons EL. 1992. Diversity in the early Tertiary anthropoidean radiation in Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89: 10743–10747. 76 Pilgrim GE. 1927. A Sivapithecus and other primate fossils from India. Mem Geol Survey India (Paleontol Indica) 14: 1–26. 77 Colbert EH. 1937. A new primate from the upper Eocene Pondaung Formation of Burma. Am Mus Novitates 951: 1–18. 78 Jaeger JJ,Soe AN,Aung AK, et al. 1998. New Myanmar middle Eocene anthropoids: an Asian origin for catarrhines? CR Acad Sci Paris 321: 953–959. 79 Takai M,Shigehara, N. 2004. The Pondaung primates, enigmatic "possibly anthropoids" from the latest middle Eocene, central Myanmar. In: CF Ross, RF Kay, editors. Anthropoid origins: new visions. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press. p 283–321. 80 Gunnell GF,Ciochon RL. 2008. Revisiting primate postcrania from the Pondaung Formation of Myanmar: the purported anthropoid astragalus. In: JG Fleagle, CC Gilbert, editors. Elwyn Simons: a search for origins. New York: Springer. p 211–228. 81 Beard KC,Marivaux L,Chaimanee Y, et al. 2009. A new primate from the Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar and the monophyly of Burmese amphipithecids. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 276: 3285–3294. 82 Marivaux L,Beard KC,Chaimanee Y, et al. 2010. Talar morphology, phylogenetic affinities and locomotor adaptation of a large-bodied amphipithecid primate from the late middle Eocene of Myanmar. Am J Phys Anthropol 143: 208–222. 83 Schwartz J. 1984. What is a tarsier? In: N Eldridge, SM Stanley, editors. Living fossils. New York: Springer-Verlag. p 38–49. 84 Jablonski N. 2003. The evolution of the tarsiid niche. In: PC Wright, EL Simons, S Gursky, editors. Tarsiers: past, present, and future. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p 35–49. 85 Rosenberger AL. 1985. In favor of the Necrolemur-Tarsier hypothesis. Folia Primatol 45: 179–194. 86 Beard KC,MacPhee RDF. 1994. Cranial anatomy of Shoshonius and the antiquity of Anthropoidea. In: JG Fleagle, RF Kay, editors. Anthropoid origins. New York: Plenum Press. p 55–97. 87 Szalay FS. 1976. Systematics of the Omomyidae (Tarsiiformes, Primates): taxonomy, phylogeny, and adaptations. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 156: 157–450. 88 Gebo DL. 1988. Foot morphology and locomotor adaptation in Eocene Primates. Folia Primatol 50: 3–41. 89 Dagosto M. 2007. The postcranial morphotype of Primates. In: MJ Ravosa, M Dagosto, editors. Primate origins: adaptations and evolution. New York: Springer. p 489–534. 90 Dagosto M. 1983. Postcranium of Adapis parisiensis and Leptadapis magnus (Adapiformes, Primates), adaptational and phylogenetic significance. Folia Primatol 41: 49–101. Citing Literature Volume21, Issue6November/December 2012Pages 224-238 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)