Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve in human embryos between 7½ and 8½ weeks of menstrual age and its relation to early fetal behavior

1952; Wiley; Volume: 97; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/cne.900970109

1096-9861

Tryphena Humphrey,

Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Journal of Comparative NeurologyVolume 97, Issue 1 p. 143-209 Article The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve in human embryos between 7½ and 8½ weeks of menstrual age and its relation to early fetal behavior Tryphena Humphrey, Tryphena Humphrey Department of Anatomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Search for more papers by this author Tryphena Humphrey, Tryphena Humphrey Department of Anatomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1952 https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.900970109Citations: 44 The physiological and morphological studies on human prenatal development, of which this paper is publication no. 19, have been aided by grants from the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society, from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, from the University of Pittsburgh, and from the Sarah Mellon Scaife Foundation. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Literature Cited Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1927 The motor nuclei in the cervical cord of the albino rat at birth. J. Comp. Neur., 43: 115–142. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1932 The prenatal development of behavior in the albino rat. J. Comp. Neur., 55: 395–442. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1933 Development of somatic activity in the albino rat fetuses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 31: 111–112. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1936 The neuro-mechanism of the trunk limb component of the total behavior pattern. Anat. Rec., Suppl., 64: 2–3. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1939 Histogenesis of the monopolar neuroblast and the ventral longitudinal path in the albino rat. J. Comp. Neur., 71: 325–360. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1940 The differentiation of the motor cell columns in the cervical cord of albino rat fetuses. J. Comp. Neur., 73: 469–488. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1951a A comparison of the growth and differentiation of the trigeminal ganglia with the ganglia of the cervical region in albino rat embryos. Anat. Bee, Suppl., 109: 131. Angulo Y Gonzales, A. W. 1951b A comparison of the growth and differentiation of the trigeminal ganglia with cervical spinal ganglia in albino rat embryos. J. Comp. Neur., 95: 53–71. Ariëns Kappers, C. U., G. Carl Huber and E. C. Crosby 1936 The comparative anatomy of the nervous system of vertebrates, including man. The Macmillan Co., New York. 2 vols. Barcroft, J., and D. H. Barron 1939a Movement in the mammalian foetus. Ergebn. d. Physiol., 42: 107–152. Barcroft, J., and D. H. Barron 1939b The development of behavior in foetal sheep. J. Comp. Neur., 70: 477–502. Barcroft, J., D. H., Barron and W. F. Windle 1936 Some observations on genesis of somatic movements in sheep embryos. J. Physiol., 87: 73–78. Barron, D. H. 1941 The functional development of some mammalian neuro-muscular mechanisms. Biol. Rev., 16: 1–33. Barron, D. H. 1943 The early development of the motor cells and columns in the spinal cord of the sheep. J. Comp. Neur., 78: 1–27. Barron, D. H. 1944 The early development of the sensory and internuncial cells in the spinal cord of the sheep. J. Comp. Neur., 81: 193–225. Barron, D. H. 1950 Genetic neurology and the behavior problem. Genetic Neurology, edited by Paul Weiss, pp. 223–231. Report of International Conference on the Development, Growth and Regeneration of the Nervous System, March 21–25, 1949. The University of Chicago Press. Bartelmez, G. L., and H. M. Evans 1925 Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites. Contrib. to Embryol., no. 85, 17: 1–68. Publ. Carneg. Instn. no. 362. Bechterew, W. Von 1886 Ueber einen besonderen Bestandtheil der Seiten-stränge des Rüekenmarkes und über den Fasernursprung der grossen aufsteigenden Trigeminuswurzel. Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol., Anat. Abt., Jg.1886: 1–4. Bechterew, W. Von 1887 Ueber die Trigeminuswurzeln. Neurol. Zbl., 6: 289–290. Biedl, A. 1894 Experimentelle Durchschneidung des linken Corpus restiforme und der aufsteigenden Trigeminuswurzel. Wien. klin. Wschr., 7: 863–865. Bochenek, A. 1901 La racine bulbo-spinale du trijumeau et ses connections avec lea trois branches périphériques. Le Néraxe, 3: 109–119. Bodian, D. 1937 The staining of paraffin sections of nervous tissues with activated protargol. Anat. Rec, 69: 153–162. Boettiger A. 1890 Beitrag zur Lehre von den chronischen progressiven Augen-muskellähmungen und zur feineren Hirnanatomie. Arch. f. Psychiat., 21: 513–559. Bregmann, E. 1892 Ueber experimentelle aufsteigende Degeneration motorischer und sensibler Hirnnerven. Arb. a. d. neurol. Inst. Univ. Wien., 1: 73–97. Brouwer, B. 1915 Die biologische Bedeutung der Dermatomerie. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Segmentalanatomie und der Sensibilitätsleitung im Rückenmark und in der Medulla Oblongata. Folia neuro-biol., 9: 225–336. Cajal 1928 See Ramón y Cajal. Coghill, G. E. 1916 Correlated anatomical and physiological studies of the growth of the nervous system of Amphibia. II. The afferent system of the head of Amblystoma. J. Comp. Neur., 26: 247–340. Coghill, G. E. 1924 Correlated anatomical and physiological studies on the growth of the nervous system of Amphibia. IV. Rates of proliferation and differentiation in the central nervous system of Amblystoma. J. Comp. Neur., 37: 71–120. Coghill, G. E. 1929 Anatomy and the problem of behaviour. Lectures delivered at University College, London. The University Press, Cambridge, England, and The Macmillan Company, New York. 113 pp. Coronios, J. D. 1933 Development of behavior in the fetal cat. Genetic Psychol Monogr., 114: 283–383. Davis, L., and H. A. Haven 1933 Surgical anatomy of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., Chicago, 29: 1–15. Déjerine, J. 1914 Sémiologie des affections du système nerveux. Masson et Cie., Paris. 1212 pp. Déjerine, J., and P. Camus 1906 Un cas de mal de Pott cervical avec troubles très étendus de la sensibilityé par méningite concomitante. Rev. neurol., 14: 560–562. Elvidge, A. R., and C.-L. Li 1950 Central protrusion of cervical intervertebral disk involving descending trigeminal tract: report of a case. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., Chicago, 63: 455–466. Falconer, M. A. 1949 Intramedullary trigeminal tractotomy and its place in treatment of facial pain. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiat., 12: 297–311. Ferrier, D. 1894 Recent work on the cerebellum and its relations; with remarks on the central connexions, and trophic influence of the fifth nerve. Brain, 17: 1–26. Ferrier, D., and W. A. Turner 1893 A record of experiments illustrative of the symptomatology and degenerations following lesions of the cerebellum and its peduncles and related structures in monkeys. Proc. Roy. Soc, London, B 54: 476–478. Fitzgerald, J. E., and W. F. Windle 1942 Some observations on early human fetal movements. J. Comp. Neur., 76: 159–167. Frazier, C. H., and W. G. Spiller 1904 Physiologic extirpation of the ganglion of Gasser. J. Am. Med. Assn., 43: 943–947. Frazier, C. H., and E. Whitehead 1925 The morphology of the Gasserian ganglion. Brain, 48: 458–475. Fulton, J. F. 1949 Physiology of the nervous system. Oxford University Press, N. Y., 3rd ed., 667 pp. Gehuchten, A. Van 1901 Recherches sur la terminaison centrale des nerfs sensibles périphériques. La racine bulbo-spinale du trijumeau. Le Névraxe, 2: 173–190. Gehuchten, A. Van 1903 Le traitement chirurgical de la névralgie trifaciale. Le Névraxe, 5: 199–226. Gerard, M. W. 1923 Afferent impulses of the trigeminal nerve: the intramedullary course of the painful, thermal and tactile impulses. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., Chicago, 9: 306–338. Grant, F. C., R. A., Groff and F. H. Lewy 1940 Section of the descending spinal root of the fifth cranial nerve. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., Chicago, 43: 498–509. Grant, J. C. B. 1942 The musculature. Sect. V in Morris' Human Anatomy, edited by J. P. Schaeffer, 10th ed., The Blakiston Co., Philadelphia, 1641 pp., Sect. V, 377–581. Gudden, H. Von 1891 Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Wurzeln des Trigeminusnerven. Allg. Ztshcr. f. Psychiat., 48: 16–33. Guidetti, B. 1950 Tractotomy for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia. J. Neurosurg., 7: 499–508. Harrison, F., and K. B. Corbin 1942 Oscillographic studies on the spinal tract of the fifth cranial nerve. J. Neurophysiol., 5: 465–482. Hines, M., and E. P. Boynton 1940 The maturation of "excitability" in the precentral gyrus of the young monkey (Macaca mulatta). Contrib. to Embryol., no. 178, 28: 309–451. Publ. Carneg. Instn. no. 518. Hoff, E. C. 1932 Central nerve terminals in the mammalian spinal cord and their examination by experimental degeneration. Proc. Roy. Soc, London, B 111: 175–188. Hogg, I. D. 1941 Sensory nerves and associated structures in the skin of human fetuses of 8 to 14 weeks of menstrual age correlated with functional capability. J. Comp. Neur., 75: 371–410. Homén, E. A. 1890 Zur Kenntniss der Hemiatrophia facialis und des Ursprungs des Nervus trigeminus. Neurol. Zbl., 9: 430–438. Hooker, D. 1936 Early fetal activity in mammals. Yale J. Biol. and Med., 8: 579–602. Hooker, D. 1939 Fetal behavior. Res. Publ. Assn. nerv. ment. Dis., 19: 237–243. Hooker, D. 1942 Fetal reflexes and instinctual processes. Psychosomat. Med., 4: 199–205. Hooker, D. 1944 The origin of overt behavior. Lecture delivered at the University of Michigan, April, 1943. Univ. of Mich. Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. Hooker, D. 1951 The prenatal origin of behavior. Porter Lectures, Series XVIII, March 12–13, 1951. Univ. of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 1952, 136 pp. Howell, W. H. 1949 A textbook of physiology. 16th ed., edited by J. F. Fulton. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London. Humphrey, T. 1944 Primitive neurons in the embryonic human central nervous system. J. Comp. Neur., 81: 1–45. Humphrey, T. 1951 The caudal extent of the descending root of the trigeminal nerve during the period of early human fetal activity (8 to 8.5 weeks of menstrual age). Anat. Rec., Suppl., 109: 46–47. Humphrey, T. 1952 The relation of oxygen deprivation to fetal reflex arcs and the development of fetal behavior. J. Psychol., 34. Humphrey, T. 1953 Trigeminal tractotomy in relation to early and recent observations on the distribution of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. To be published. Hun, H. 1897 Analgesia, thermic anaesthesia, and ataxia, resulting from foci of softening in the medulla oblogata and cerebellum, due to occlusion of the left inferior posterior cerebellar artery. New York Med. J., 65: 513–519; 581–584; 613–620. Kappers et al. 1936 See Ariëns Kappers, C. U., G. Carl Huber and E. C. Crosby. Kennard, M. A. 1938 Reorganization of motor function in the cerebral cortex of monkeys deprived of motor and premotor areas in infancy. J. Neurophysiol., 1: 477–496. Kimmel, D. L. 1940 Differentiation of the bulbar motor nuclei and the coincident development of associated root fibers in the rabbit. J. Comp. Neur., 72: 83–148. Kljatschkin, G. A. 1897 Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Ursprung des N. trigeminus. Neurol. Zbl., 16: 204–205. Kutner, R., and F. Kramer 1907 Sensibilitätsstörungen bei acuten und chronischen Bulbärerkrankungen (Zugleich Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Syringobulbie). Arch. f. Psychiat., 42: 544–564. Lebeau, J., S., Daum and S. Forjaz 1948 Les tractotomies trigeminales dans le traitement des nevralgies faciales. Brasil med.-cir., 10: 331–344. Lloyd, D. P. C. 1943 Reflex action in relation to pattern and peripheral source of afferent stimulation. J. Neurophysiol, 6: 111–119. McKinley, W. A., and H. W. Magoun 1942 The bulbar projection of the trigeminal nerve. Am. J. Physiol., 137: 217—224. Obersteiner, H. 1901 Anleitung beim Studium dew Baues dell nervösen Zentralorgane im gesunden und kranken Zustande. F. Deuticke, Leipzig und Wien, 4th ed., 680 pp. Olivecrona, H. 1942 Tractotomy for relief of trigeminal neuralgia. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., Chicago, 47: 544–564. Pearson, A. A. 1938 The spinal accessory nerve in human embryos. J. Comp. Neur., 68: 243–266. Penfield, W., and T. Rasmussen 1950 The cerebral cortex of man. A clinical study of localization of function. The Macmillan Co., New York, 248 pp. Poniatowsky, A. 1892 Ueber die Trigeminuswurzel im Gehirne des Menschen, nebst einigen vergleichend-anatomischen Bemerkungen. Arb. a. d. neurol. Inst. Univ. Wien., 1: 98–110. Ramón y Cajal, S. 1928 Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system. Translated and edited by R. M. May. Oxford Univ. Press, London. 769 pp. Raney, B., A. A., Raney and C. R. Hunter 1950 Treatment of major trigeminal neuralgia through section of the trigeminospinal tract in the medulla. Am. J. Surg., 80: 11–17. Ranson, S. W., R. K., Davenport and E. A. Doles 1932 Intramedullary course of the dorsal root fibers of the first three cervical nerves. J. Comp. Neur., 54: 1–12. Rhines, R., and W. F. Windle 1941 The early development of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and associated secondary neurons in the rat, cat and man. J. Comp. Neur., 75: 165–189. Schaeffer, H. 1941 La tractotomie trigéminale et les voies centrales trigéininales de la sonsibilité douloureuse à travers le mésocephale. La Presse méd., 49: 139–142. Scharpenberg, L. G., and W. P. Windle 1938 A study of spinal cord development in silver-stained sheep embryos correlated with early somatic movements. J. Anat., 72: 344–351. Schlesinger, H. 1899 Beitrag zur Physiologie des Trigeminus und der Sensibitität der Mundschleimhaut. Neurol. Zbl., 18: 391–397. Schwartz, H. G., and J. L. O'Leary 1941 Section of the spinothalamic tract in the medulla with observations on the pathway for pain. Surg., 9: 183–193. Sherrington, C. S. 1893 Note on the spinal portion of some ascending degenerations. J. Physiol., 14: 255–302. Sjöqvist, O. 1937 Eine neue Operationsmethode bei Trigeminusneuralgie: Durchschneidung des Tractus spinalis trigemini. Zbl. Neurochir., 2: 274–288. Sjöqvist, O. 1938 Studies on pain conduction in the trigeminal nerve. A contribution to surgical treatment of facial pain. Helsingfors. Acta psychiat. et neurol., suppl. 17, pp. 1–139. Smyth, G. E. 1939 The systemization and central connections of the spinal tract and nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Brain, 62: 41–87. Sölder, F. Von 1899 Der segmentale Begrenzungstypus bei Hautanaesthesien am Kopfe, insbesondere in Fällen von Syringomyelie. Jahrb. f. Psychiat. u. Neur., 18: 458–478. Soukhanoff, S. 1897 De la racine spinale du trijumeau. Rev. neurol., 5: 398–402. Stopford, J. S. B. 1925 The function of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. J. Anat., 59: 120–128. Streeter, G. L. 1920 Weight, sitting height, head size, foot length, and menstrual age of the human embryo. Contrib. to Embryol., no. 55, 11: 143–170. Publ. Carneg. Instn. no. 274. Streeter, G. L. 1945 Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XIII, embryos about 4 or 5 millimeters long, and age group XIV, period of indentation of the lens vesicle. Contrib. to Embryol., no. 199, 31: 27–63. Publ. Carneg. Instn. no. 557. Swenson, E. A. 1926 The development of movement of the albino rat before birth. Doctorate Thesis, Department of Anatomy, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence. Unpublished. Szentagothai, J., and T. Kiss 1949 Projection of dermatomes on the substantia gelatinosa. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., Chicago, 62: 734–744. Taylor, J., J. G., Greenfield and J. P. Martin 1922 Two cases of syringomyelia and syringobulbia, observed clinically over many years, and examined pathologically. Brain, 45: 323–356. Tooth, H. H. 1892 On the relation of the posterior root to the posterior horn in the medulla and cord. J. Physiol., 13: 778–785. Valkenburg, C. T. Van 1911 Zur Kenntnis der Radix spinalis nervi trigemini. Mschr. f. psychiat. u. Neur., 29: 407–437. Wallenberg, A. 1895 Acute Bulbäraffektion (Embolie der Art. cerebellar. post. inf. Sinister.?). Arch. f. Psychiat., 27: 504–540. Wallenberg, A. 1896a Zur Physiologie der spinalen Trigeminuswurzel. Neurol. Zbl., 15: 873–876. Wallenberg, A. 1896b Die secondäre Bahn des sensiblen Trigeminus. Anat. Anz., 12: 95–110. Wallenberg, A. 1898 Contribution a la physiologie de la racine spinale du trijumeau. Arch, de Neurol., Par. ser. 2, 5: 50–55. Wallenberg, A. 1901 Klinische Beiträge zur Diagnostik acuter Herderkrankungen des verlängerten Markes und der Brücke. Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenheilk., 19: 227–248. Wallenberg, A. 1904 Anatomischer Befund in einem als "Blutung in die rechte Brückenhälfte usw. aus dem Ram. Central. arter. radicular. N. facialis dextrius" geschilderten Fälle. Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenheilk., 27: 436–464. Wiggers, C. J. 1949 Physiology in health and disease. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Wilson, E. E., W. F., Windle and J. E. Fitzgerald 1941 Development of the tractus solitarius. J. Comp. Neur., 74: 287–307. Windle, W. F. 1930 Normal behavioral reactions of kittens correlated with the postnatal development of nerve-fiber density in the spinal gray matter. J. Comp. Neur., 50: 479–503. Windle, W. F. 1931a The neurofibrillar structure of the spinal cord of cat embryos correlated with the appearance of early somatic movements. J. Comp. Neur., 53: 71–113. Windle, W. F. 1931b The sensory components of the spinal accessory nerve. J. Comp. Neur., 53: 115–127. Windle, W. F. 1932a The neurofibrillar structure of the 7-mm cat embryo. J. Comp. Neur., 55: 99–138. Windle, W. F. 1932b The neurofibrillar structure of the 51/2-mm cat embryo. J. Comp. Neur., 55: 315–331. Windle, W. F. 1933 Neurofibrillar development in the central nervous system of cat embryos between 8 and 12 mm long. J. Comp. Neur., 58: 643–723. Windle, W. F. 1934 Correlation between the development of local reflexes and reflex arcs in the spinal cord of cat embryos. J. Comp. Neur., 59: 487–505. Windle, W. F. 1935 Neurofibrillar development of cat embryos: extent of development in the telencephalon and diencephalon up to 15 mm. J. Comp. Neur., 63: 139–171. Windle, W. F. 1950 Reflexes of mammalian embryos and fetuses. Genetic Neurology, edited by Paul Weiss, pp. 214–222. Report of International Conference on the Development, Growth and Regeneration of the Nervous System, March 21–25, 1949. The University of Chicago Press. Windle, W. F., R. F., Becker, R. Rhines and E. J. Cowgill 1842 Effect of anoxia on trigeminal reflexes in cat fetuses. Physiol. Zool, 15: 375–382. Windle, W. F., and S. L. Clark 1928 Observations on the histology of the synapse. J. Comp. Neur., 46: 153–171. Windle, W. F., and J. E. Fitzgerald 1937 Development of the spinal reflex mechanism in human embryos. J. Comp. Neur., 67: 493–509. Windle, W. F., and J. E. Fitzgerald 1942 Development of the human mesencephalic trigeminal root and related neurons. J. Comp. Neur., 77: 597–608. Windle, W. F., and A. M. Griffin 1931 Observations on embryonic and fetal movements of the cat. J. Comp. Neur., 52: 149–188. Windle, W. F., and L. C. Delozier 1932 The absence of painful sensation in the cat during stimulation of the spinal accessory nerve. J. Comp. Neur., 54: 97–101. Windle, W. F., W. L., Minear, M. F. Austin and D. W. Orr 1935 The origin and early development of somatic behavior in the albino rat. Physiol. Zool., 8: 156–185. Windle, W. F., J. E., O'Donnell and E. E. Glasshagle 1933 The early spontaneous and reflex behavior in cat embryos and fetuses. Physiol. Zool., 6: 521–541. Windle, W. F., D. W., Orr and W. L. Minear 1934 The origin and development of reflexes in the cat during the third fetal week. Physiol. Zool., 7: 600–617. Winkler, C. 1921 Opera Omnia. de erven F. Bohn, Haarlem. Chap. VII (Tome VII): 1–101. Woodburne, R. T. 1936 A phylogenetic consideration of the primary and secondary centers and connections of the trigeminal complex in a series of vertebrates. J. Comp. Neur., Huber Memorial Volume, 65: 403–450. Woodburne, R. T. 1939 Certain phylogenetic anatomical relations of localizing significance for the mammalian central nervous system. J. Comp. Neur., 71: 215–257. Woods, A. H. 1913 Segmental distribution of spinal root nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. J. nerv. ment. Dis., 40: 91–101. Citing Literature Volume97, Issue1August 1952Pages 143-209 ReferencesRelatedInformation