Mouzinho da Silveira and the Political Culture of Portuguese Liberalism, 1820–1832
2014; Routledge; Volume: 41; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/01916599.2014.914311
ISSN1873-541X
Autores Tópico(s)Historical Education and Society
ResumoSummaryLiberalism as an identity and as a political ideology was non-existent in Portugal, as in most of the countries of Ibero-America, before the beginning of the nineteenth century. But the semantic development of the term ‘liberal’ in Portuguese underwent a clear and rapid mutation in the following decades. It became associated with specific meanings in relation to constitutional issues and civil law matters. While the former prevailed between 1820 and 1823, the latter were dominant in the writings of Mouzinho da Silveira and his Civil War legislation of 1832 to 1834.Keywords: LiberalismIbero-Americapolitical economyPortugalconstitutionreform AcknowledgmentsTranslation by Richard Wall, funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, reference ‘PTDC/HIS-HIS/098928/2008’.Notes 1 See Javier Fernández Sebastián, ‘Liberalismos nacientes en el Atlántico iberoamericano: “liberal” como concepto y como identidad política, 1750–1850’, in Dicionário político y social del mundo IberoAmericano. La era de las revoluciones, 1750–1850, edited by Javier Fernández Sebastián (Madrid, 2009), 695–743. 2 See David Armitage and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, ‘Introduction: The Age of Revolutions, c. 1760–1840 – Global Causation, Connection, and Comparison’, in The Age of Revolutions in Global Context c. 1760–1840, edited by David Armitage and Sanjay Subrahmanyam (New York, NY, 2010), XII–XXXII. 3 António de Moraes e Silva, Diccionario da lingua portuguesa (Lisbon, 1789). All translations are my own. 4 António de Moraes e Silva, Diccionario da lingua portuguesa, second edition (Lisbon, 1813). 5 António de Moraes e Silva, Diccionario da lingua portuguesa, fourth edition (Lisbon, 1844). See also Raphael Bluteau, Vocabulário Portuguez & Latino, 10 vols (Coimbra, 1712–1728). 6 Alberto Carlos de Menezes, Plano de reforma dos foraes […] (Lisbon, 1825), 332–35. 7 See Valentim Alexandre, Os Sentidos do Império. Questão Nacional e Questão Colonial na Crise do Antigo Regime Português (Porto, 1993); A economia política e os dilemas do império luso-brasileiro (1790–1822), edited by José Luís Cardoso (Lisbon, 2001); Andrée Mansuy-Diniz Silva, Portrait d'un homme d’État: D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, 2 vols (Lisbon, 2002–2006); Tereza Cristina Kirschner, José da Silva Lisboa: Itinerários de um ilustrado luso-brasileiro (São Paulo, 2009); Gabriel Paquette. ‘José da Silva Lisboa and the Vicissitudes of Enlightened Reform in Brazil, 1798–1824’, in Enlightened Reform in Southern Europe and its Atlantic Colonies, c. 1750–1830, edited by Gabriel Paquette (Farnham, 2009). 8 José Liberato Freire de Carvalho, Memórias da vida de José Liberato Freire de Carvalho (Lisbon, 1855). 9 See recent accounts: Gabriel Paquette, Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850 (Cambridge, 2013); O colapso imperial e a revolução liberal 1808–1834, edited by Jorge Pedreira and Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro (Lisbon, 2013). 10 Francisco M. Trigozo de Aragão Morato, Minutes of the Meeting of the Parliament on 20 February 1821, http://debates.parlamento.pt (accessed 12 April 2014). 11 Quoted in Zilia Osorio de Castro, Cultura e Política. Manuel Borges Carneiro e o Vintismo (Lisbon, 1990), I, 481. 12 Reproduced in Joel Serrão, Liberalismo, socialismo, republicanismo: antologia de pensamento político português (Lisbon, 1979), 57. 13 Pedro Cardim, ‘The Representatives of Asian and American Cities at the Cortes of Portugal’, in Polycentric Monarchies: How did Early Modern Spain and Portugal Achieve and Maintain a Global Hegemony?, edited by Tamar Herzog, José Javier Ruíz Ibáñez, and Pedro Cardim e Gaetano Sabatini (Eastbourne, 2012), 43–53. 14 Relatorio feito às Cortes Geraes […] pelo deputado Manoel Fernandes Thomaz (Lisbon, 1821), 6. 15 ‘Il n'est pas possible, qu'un Etat qui ne subsistait que des colonies, et qui les perd, puisse vivre longtemps sans des réformes très radicales’; see José Xavier Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras de Mouzinho da Silveira, edited by Miriam Halpern Pereira, Valentim Alexandre, and Magda Pinheiro (Lisbon, 1989), I, 509. The manuscript was written in 1829. 16 Reproduced in Miriam Halpern Pereira, Revolução, finanças, dependência externa: (de 1820 à convenção de Gramido). Antologia (Lisbon, 1979), 201. 17 ‘Les séculiers possédaient les dîmes en partage avec les aristocrates [….] et tout cela surpasse de beaucoup tous les revenus de l'Etat’; see Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 518. 18 Reproduced in Miriam Halpern Pereira, Revolução, finanças, dependência externa: (Lisbon, 1979), 167. 19 ‘Aussi productrice de maux’; see Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 518. 20 Reproduced in Miriam Halpern Pereira, Revolução, finanças, dependência externa: (Lisbon, 1979), 163. 21 ‘Un excellent ouvrage a faire serait celui qui nous montrerait tout de qui est encore arabe dans les lois, dans les usages, et dans le caractère des Portugais, et des Espagnoles’; see Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 521. 22 Reproduced in Miriam Halpern Pereira, Revolução, finanças, dependência externa: (Lisbon, 1979), 165. 23 Reproduced in Miriam Halpern Pereira, Revolução, finanças, dependência externa: (Lisbon, 1979), 203. 24 ‘Cette absurdité vient de l'esprit d'agrandir la ville où est le Roi, vient de ce vice d'appeler l'Etat à la capitale, et la capitale à la cour’; see Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 531. 25 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 566. 26 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 626. 27 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 682. 28 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 682. 29 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 682–83. 30 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 710. 31 Mouzinho da Silveira, Obras, I, 624. 32 Reproduced in Miriam Halpern Pereira, Revolução, finanças, dependência externa: (Lisbon, 1979), 217. 33 Duque de Palmela, Memórias do Duque de Palmela, edited by M. Fátima Bonifácio (Lisbon, 2011), 236. 34 João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, Memoria Historica de J. Xavier Mousinho da Silveira por J. B. de Almeida-Garrett (Lisbon, 1845), 15.
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