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Methods in the general biology and genetics of paramecium aurelia

1950; Wiley; Volume: 113; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/jez.1401130106

1097-010X

T. M. Sonneborn,

Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology

Journal of Experimental ZoologyVolume 113, Issue 1 p. 87-147 Article Methods in the general biology and genetics of paramecium aurelia† T. M. Sonneborn, T. M. Sonneborn Department of Zoology, Indiana UniversitySearch for more papers by this author T. M. Sonneborn, T. M. Sonneborn Department of Zoology, Indiana UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1950 https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401130106Citations: 384 † Contribution no. 414 from the Department of Zoology, Indiana University. The work of the author and his colleagues has been aided by funds from Indiana University, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund, and the U.S. Public Health Service. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Literature Cited Austin, Mary L. 1948a The killing action and rate of production of single particles of paramecin 51. Physiol. Zool., 21: 69–85. Austin, Mary L. 1948b The killing substance, paramecin: activity of single particles. Amer. Nat., 82: 51–59. Beale, G. H. 1948 The process of transformation of antigenic type in Paramecium aurelia, variety 4. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 34: 418–423. Bernheimer, A. W., and J. A. 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P. 1949 Nitrogen mustard inactivation of the cytoplasmic factor kappa, in Paramecium aurelia, variety 4. Sci., 110: 89–90. Geckler, R. P. 1950 Genetic changes induced by nitrogen mustard and their inheritance in Paramecium aurelia, variety 4. Gen. 35: 108. Giese, A. C., and C. V. Taylor 1935 Paramecia for experimental purposes in controlled mass cultures on a single strain of bacteria. Arch. f. Protistenk, 84: 225–231. Glaser, R. W., and N. A. Coria 1933 The culture of Paramecium caudatum free from living microorganisms. Jour. Parasit., 20: 33–37. Glaser, R. W., and N. A. Coria 1935 The culture and reactions of purified Protozoa. Amer. J. Hyg., 21: 111–120. Hargitt, G. T., and W. W. Fray 1917 The growth of Paramecium in pure cultures of bacteria. J. Exp. Zool., 22: 421–455. Harrison, J. A., and Elizabeth H. Fowler 1945 Antigenic variation in clones of Paramecium aurelia. Jour. Immun., 50: 115–125. Jennings, H. S. 1929 Genetics of the Protozoa. Bibliogr. Gen., 5: 105–330. Johnson, W. H., and E. G. S. Baker 1942 The sterile culture of Paramecium multimicronucleata. Sci., 95: 333–334. Jollos, V. 1921 Experimentelle Protistenstudien. I. Untersuchungen über Variabilität und Vererbung bei Infusorien. Arch. f. Protistenk, 43: 1–222. Kimball, R. F. 1947 The induction of inheritable modification in reaction to antiserum in Paramecium aurelia. Gen., 32: 486–499. Kimball, R. F. 1949 Inheritance of mutational changes induced by radiation in Paramecium aurelia. Gen., 34: 412–424. Lee, A. B. 1937 The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum. Blakiston Co., Philadelphia. 10th ed. 165 pp. Leslie, L. D. 1940a Nutritional studies in Paramecium. I. Quantitative and qualitative standardization of the food organism. Physiol. Zool., 13: 243–250. Leslie, L. D. 1940b Nutritional studies in Paramecium. II. Bacterial foods. Physiol. Zool., 13: 430–438. McClung, L. S. 1944 A technique for the production of immune sera for Paramecium aurelia. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 58: 47–49. Metz, C. B. 1947 Induction of "pseudo selfing" and meiosis in Paramecium aurelia by formalin killed animals of opposite mating type. J. Exp. Zool., 105: 115–140. Metz, C. B., and Mary T. Foley 1949 Fertilization studies on Paramecium aurelia: an experimental analysis of a non-conjugating stock. J. Exp. Zool., 112: 505–528. Oudin, J. 1948 L'analyse immunochimique qualitative; méthode par diffusion des antigènes au sein de l'immunsérum précipitant gélosé. Ann. Inst. Past., 75: 30–52; 109–130. Parpart, A. K. 1928 The bacteriological sterilization of Paramecium. Biol. Bull., 55: 113–120. Peters, R. A. 1921 The substances needed for the growth of a pure culture of Colpidium colpoda. Jour. Phys., 55: 1–32. Phelps, A. 1931 Effect of H-ion concentration on the division rate of Paramecium aurelia. Sci., 74: 395–396. Phelps, A. 1934 Studies of the nutrition of Paramecium. Arch. f. Protistenk., 82: 134–163. Phillips, Ruth L. 1922 The growth of Paramecium in infusions of known bacterial content. J. Exp. Zool., 36: 135–183. Philpott, C. H. 1928 Growth of Paramecia in pure cultures of pathogenic bacteria and in the presence of soluble products of such bacteria. J. Morph. and Physiol., 46: 85–129. Pollister, A. W., and C. Leuchtenberger 1949 Nature of the specificity of methyl green for chromatin. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 35: 111–116. Powers, E. L. 1948 Death after autogamy in Paramecium aurelia following exposure in solution to the radioactive isotopes P32 and Sr89,90 Y90. Gen., 33: 120. Powers, E. L., and Carlene Raper 1950 Responses induced by a nitrogen mustard compound in Paramecium aurelia. Gen., 35: 131. Preer, J. R., Jr. 1941 The effect of temperature on the periodicity of uniparental nuclear reorganization in Paramecium aurelia, variety 2. Anat. Rec., 81 (suppl.): 131. Preer, J. R., Jr. 1948 A study of some properties of the cytoplasmic factor, "kappa" in Paramecium aurelia, variety 2. Gen., 33: 349–404. Preer, J. R., Jr. 1950 Microscopically visible bodies in the cytoplasm of the "killer" strains of Paramecium aurelia. Gen. (In press.) Rafalco, J. S. 1946 A modified Feulgen technique for small and diffuse chromatin elements. Stain Technol., 21: 91–93. Raffel, D. 1930 The effects of conjugation within a clone of Paramecium aurelia. Biol. Bull., 58: 293–312. Schmidt, W. H., M. D., Reeves, F. J. Castle and R. C. Benedict 1948 An automatic agar dispenser. Nature, 162: 903. Sonneborn, T. M. 1935 The relation of endomixis to vitality in Paramecium aurelia. Anat. Rec., 64 (suppl.): 103. Sonneborn, T. M. 1936 Factors determining conjugation in Paramecium aurelia. I. The cyclical factor: the recency of nuclear reorganization. Gen., 21: 503–514. Sonneborn, T. M. 1937a Induction of endomixis in Paramecium aurelia. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), 72: 196–202. Sonneborn, T. M. 1937b Sex, sex inheritance and sex determination in Paramecium aurelia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 23: 378–385. Sonneborn, T. M. 1938a The delayed occurrence and total omission of endomixis is selected lines of Paramecium aurelia. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), 74: 76–82. Sonneborn, T. M. 1938b Mating types in Paramecium aurelia: diverse conditions for mating in different stocks; occurrence, number and interrelations of the types. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 79: 411–434. Sonneborn, T. M. 1939 Paramecium aurelia: mating types and groups, lethal interactions; determination and inheritance. Amer. Nat., 73: 390–413. Sonneborn, T. M. 1941a The relation of macronuclear regeneration in Paramecium aurelia to macronuclear structure, amitosis and genetic determination. Coll. Net., 16: 3–4. Sonneborn, T. M. 1941b Sexuality in unicellular organisms. Chap. 14 in Calkins. G. N. and F. M. Summers (ed.), Protozoa in Biological Research New York, Columbia Univ. Press, 666–709. Sonneborn, T. M. 1941c The occurrence, frequency and causes of failure to undergo reciprocal cross-fertilization during mating in Paramecium aurelia, variety 1. Anat. Rec., 81: 66–67. Sonneborn, T. M. 1941d The effect of temperature on mating reactivity in Paramecium aurelia, variety 1. Anat. Rec., 81: 131. Sonneborn, T. M. 1942a Inheritance in ciliate Protozoa. Amer. Nat., 76: 46–62. Sonneborn, T. M. 1942b Double animals and multiple simultaneous mating in variety 4 of Paramecium aurelia in relation to mating types. Anat. Rec., 84: 29–30. Sonneborn, T. M. 1942c More mating types and varieties in Paramecium aurelia. Anat. Rec., 84: 92. Sonneborn, T. M. 1943a Acquired immunity to specific antibodies and its inheritance in Paramecium aurelia. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 52: 190–191. Sonneborn, T. M. 1943b Gene and cytoplasm. I. The determination and inheritance of the killer character in variety 4 of P. aurelia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 29: 329–338. Sonneborn, T. M. 1944 Exchange of cytoplasm at conjugation in Paramecium aurelia, variety 4. Anat. Rec., 89 (suppl.): 49. Sonneborn, T. M. 1945 The dependence of the physiological action of a gene on a primer and the relation of primer to gene. Amer. Nat., 79: 318–339. Sonneborn, T. M. 1946 Experimental control of the concentration of cytoplasmic genetic factors in Paramecium. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 11: 236–255. Sonneborn, T. M. 1947a Recent advances in the genetics of Paramecium and Euplotes. Adv. in Gen., 1: 264–358. Sonneborn, T. M. 1947b Developmental mechanisms in Paramecium. Growth, 11: 291–307. Sonneborn, T. M. 1948a Symposium on plasmagenes, genes and characters in Paramecium aurelia. Introduction. Amer. Nat., 82: 26–34. Sonneborn, T. M. 1948b The determination of hereditary antigenic differences in genically identical Paramecium cells. Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. (Wash.), 34: 413–418. Sonneborn, T. M., and Ruth V. Dippell, 1943 Sexual isolation, mating types, and sexual responses to diverse conditions in variety 4, Paramecium aurelia. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), 85: 36–43. Sonneborn, T. M., and Ruth V. Dippell 1946a Mating reactions and conjugation between varieties of Paramecium aurelia in relation to conceptions of mating type and variety. Physiol. Zool., 19: 1–18. Sonneborn, T. M., and Ruth V. Dippell, 1946b The significance of race 31 as a link between group A and B varieties of P. aurelia. Anat. Rec., 96: 19. Sonneborn, T. M., Ruth V. Dippell and Winifred Jacobson 1947 Some properties of kappa (killer cytoplasmic factor) and of paramecin (killer substance) in Paramecium aurelia, variety 4. Gen., 32: 106. Sonneborn, T. M., Winifred Jacobson and Ruth V. Dippell 1946 Paramecin 51, an antibiotic produced by Paramecium aurelia: amounts released from killers and taken up by sensitives, conditions protecting sensitives. Anat. Rec., 96: 18–19. Sonneborn, T. M., and Le Suer, Arlene 1948 Antigenic characters in Paramecium aurelia (variety 4): determination, inheritance and induced mutations. Amer. Nat., 82: 69–78. van Wagtendonk, W. J. 1949 Antigenic transformation in Paramecium aurelia under the influence of proteolytic enzymes. Feder. Proc., 8: 262. van Wagtendonk, W. J., and Patricia L. Hackett 1949 The culture of Paramecium aurelia in the absence of other living organisms. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 35: 155–159. van Wagtendonk, W. J., and L. P. Zill 1947 Inactivation of paramecin ("killer" substance of Paramecium aurelia 51, variety 4) at different hydrogen ion concentrations and temperatures. J. Biol. Chem., 171: 595–603. Wenrich, D. H. 1928 Eight well-defined species of Paramecium (Protozoa, Ciliata). Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., 47: 275–282. Wichterman, R. 1939 Cytogamy: a new sexual process in joined pairs of Paramecium caudatum. Nature, 144: 123. Citing Literature Volume113, Issue1February 1950Pages 87-147 ReferencesRelatedInformation