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Unsuspected Cocaine Exposure in Young Children

1991; American Medical Association; Volume: 145; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160020096025

1538-3628

Sigmund Kharasch,

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

To determine the prevalence of cocaine exposure among preschool children with clinically unsuspected signs and/or symptoms.Prevalence study.Pediatric emergency department in an inner-city hospital.250 children aged 2 weeks to 5 years who underwent urine assays for cocaine prior to discharge from the emergency department.None.Six (2.4%) of the 250 urine assays (95% confidence interval, 0.5% to 4.3%) were positive for benzoylecgonine, the major urinary cocaine metabolite. Four of the positive urine assays were from children younger than 1 year and all children with positive urine assays were younger than 24 months. None of these children presented with a complaint or was identified as having clinical problems currently associated with childhood exposure to cocaine. Possible exposure routes include breastfeeding, intentional administration, accidental ingestion of cocaine or cocaine-contaminated household dust via normal hand-to-mouth activity, and passive inhalation of "crack" vapors.Among the inner-city children served by this hospital, significant numbers of infants and young children are being exposed to cocaine, and this exposure occurs in a clinically unsuspected population.