Drilling reveals fluid control on architecture and rupture of the Alpine fault, New Zealand
2012; Geological Society of America; Volume: 40; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1130/g33614.1
ISSN1943-2682
AutoresR. Sutherland, Virginia Toy, John Townend, Simon C. Cox, J. D. Eccles, D. R. Faulkner, D. Prior, R. J. Norris, Emma Salvioli‐Mariani, Carolyn Boulton, B. M. Carpenter, C.D. Menzies, T. A. Little, M. Hasting, Gregory P. De Pascale, R. M. Langridge, H. R. Scott, Z. Reid Lindroos, B. P. Fleming, Achim Kopf,
Tópico(s)Geological and Geochemical Analysis
ResumoResearch Article| December 01, 2012 Drilling reveals fluid control on architecture and rupture of the Alpine fault, New Zealand R. Sutherland; R. Sutherland * 1GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand *E-mail: r.sutherland@gns.cri.nz. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar V.G. Toy; V.G. Toy 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Townend; J. Townend 3Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S.C. Cox; S.C. Cox 4GNS Science, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J.D. Eccles; J.D. Eccles 5Institute of Earth Science and Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D.R. Faulkner; D.R. Faulkner 6University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D.J. Prior; D.J. Prior 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand6University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R.J. Norris; R.J. Norris 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E. Mariani; E. Mariani 6University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. Boulton; C. Boulton 7University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B.M. Carpenter; B.M. Carpenter 8Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome 00143, Italy Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C.D. Menzies; C.D. Menzies 9University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar T.A. Little; T.A. Little 3Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar M. Hasting; M. Hasting 5Institute of Earth Science and Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar G.P. De Pascale; G.P. De Pascale 7University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R.M. Langridge; R.M. Langridge 1GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar H.R. Scott; H.R. Scott 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Z. Reid Lindroos; Z. Reid Lindroos 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. Fleming; B. Fleming 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A.J. Kopf A.J. Kopf 10MARUM (Center for Marine Environmental Sciences), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28344 Bremen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information R. Sutherland * 1GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand V.G. Toy 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand J. Townend 3Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand S.C. Cox 4GNS Science, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand J.D. Eccles 5Institute of Earth Science and Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand D.R. Faulkner 6University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP, UK D.J. Prior 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand6University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP, UK R.J. Norris 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand E. Mariani 6University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP, UK C. Boulton 7University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand B.M. Carpenter 8Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome 00143, Italy C.D. Menzies 9University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK T.A. Little 3Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand M. Hasting 5Institute of Earth Science and Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand G.P. De Pascale 7University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand R.M. Langridge 1GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand H.R. Scott 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Z. Reid Lindroos 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand B. Fleming 2University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand A.J. Kopf 10MARUM (Center for Marine Environmental Sciences), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28344 Bremen, Germany *E-mail: r.sutherland@gns.cri.nz. Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 10 May 2012 Revision Received: 19 Jul 2012 Accepted: 02 Aug 2012 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2012 Geological Society of America Geology (2012) 40 (12): 1143–1146. https://doi.org/10.1130/G33614.1 Article history Received: 10 May 2012 Revision Received: 19 Jul 2012 Accepted: 02 Aug 2012 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation R. Sutherland, V.G. Toy, J. Townend, S.C. Cox, J.D. Eccles, D.R. Faulkner, D.J. Prior, R.J. Norris, E. Mariani, C. Boulton, B.M. Carpenter, C.D. Menzies, T.A. Little, M. Hasting, G.P. De Pascale, R.M. Langridge, H.R. Scott, Z. Reid Lindroos, B. Fleming, A.J. Kopf; Drilling reveals fluid control on architecture and rupture of the Alpine fault, New Zealand. Geology 2012;; 40 (12): 1143–1146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G33614.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Rock damage during earthquake slip affects fluid migration within the fault core and the surrounding damage zone, and consequently coseismic and postseismic strength evolution. Results from the first two boreholes (Deep Fault Drilling Project DFDP-1) drilled through the Alpine fault, New Zealand, which is late in its 200–400 yr earthquake cycle, reveal a >50-m-thick "alteration zone" formed by fluid-rock interaction and mineralization above background regional levels. The alteration zone comprises cemented low-permeability cataclasite and ultramylonite dissected by clay-filled fractures, and obscures the boundary between the damage zone and fault core. The fault core contains a <0.5-m-thick principal slip zone (PSZ) of low electrical resistivity and high spontaneous potential within a 2-m-thick layer of gouge and ultracataclasite. A 0.53 MPa step in fluid pressure measured across this zone confirms a hydraulic seal, and is consistent with laboratory permeability measurements on the order of 10−20 m2. Slug tests in the upper part of the boreholes yield a permeability within the distal damage zone of ∼10−14 m2, implying a six-orders-of-magnitude reduction in permeability within the alteration zone. Low permeability within 20 m of the PSZ is confirmed by a subhydrostatic pressure gradient, pressure relaxation times, and laboratory measurements. The low-permeability rocks suggest that dynamic pressurization likely promotes earthquake slip, and motivates the hypothesis that fault zones may be regional barriers to fluid flow and sites of high fluid pressure gradient. We suggest that hydrogeological processes within the alteration zone modify the permeability, strength, and seismic properties of major faults throughout their earthquake cycles. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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