Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

A worldwide correlation for exponential bed particle size variation in subaerial aqueous flows

1999; Wiley; Volume: 24; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199908)24

1096-9837

P. H. Morris, David J. Williams,

Soil erosion and sediment transport

Earth Surface Processes and LandformsVolume 24, Issue 9 p. 835-847 Research Article A worldwide correlation for exponential bed particle size variation in subaerial aqueous flows P. H. Morris, Corresponding Author P. H. Morris Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaDepartment of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorD. J. Williams, D. J. Williams Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author P. H. Morris, Corresponding Author P. H. Morris Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaDepartment of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorD. J. Williams, D. J. Williams Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 August 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199908)24:9 3.0.CO;2-GCitations: 41AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The particle size of the bed sediments in or on many natural streams, alluvial fans, laboratory flumes, irrigation canals and mine waste deltas varies exponentially with distance along the stream. A plot of the available worldwide exponential bed particle size diminution coefficient data against stream length is presented which shows that all the data lie within a single narrow band extending over virtually the whole range of stream lengths and bed sediment particle sizes found on Earth. This correlation applies to both natural and artificial flows with both sand and gravel beds, irrespective of either the solids concentration or whether normal or reverse sorting occurs. This strongly suggests that there are common mechanisms underlying the exponential diminution of bed particles in subaerial aqueous flows of all kinds. Thus existing models of sorting and abrasion applicable to some such flows may be applicable to others. A comparison of exponential laboratory abrasion and field diminution coefficients suggests that abrasion is unlikely to be significant in gravel and sand bed streams shorter than about 10 km to 100 km, and about 500 km, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. REFERENCES Adams, J. 1979. ‘Wear of unsound pebbles in river headwaters’, Science, 203, 171–172. 10.1126/science.203.4376.171 CASADSPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bagnold, R. A. 1986. ‘Transport of solids by natural water flow: evidence for a worldwide correlation’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 405, 369–374. 10.1098/rspa.1986.0059 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Barrell, J. 1925. ‘Marine and terrestrial conglomerates’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 36, 279–342. 10.1130/GSAB-36-279 Google Scholar Bentel, G. E. 1981. Some aspects of the behaviour of hydraulically deposited tailings, MSc(Eng) thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 145 pp. Google Scholar Blight, G. E. 1994. ‘The master profile of hydraulic fill tailings beaches’, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering, 107, 27–40. 10.1680/igeng.1994.25718 Google Scholar Blissenbach, E. 1952. ‘Relation of surface angle distribution to particle size distribution on alluvial fans’, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 22, 25–28. 10.1306/D42694A4-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D ADSGoogle Scholar Bluck, B. J. 1964. ‘Sedimentation of an alluvial fan in southern Nevada’, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 34, 395–400. Google Scholar Bluck, B. J. 1965. ‘The sedimentary history of some Triassic conglomerates in the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales’, Sedimentology, 4, 197–224. 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1965.tb01290.x ADSGoogle Scholar Bogardi, J. 1974. Sediment Transport in Alluvial Streams, Akademiai Kaido, Budapest, 826 pp. Google Scholar Boothroyd, J. C. 1970. ‘Recent braided-stream sedimentation, south-central Alaska’, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 54, 836. Web of Science®Google Scholar Bradley, W. C. 1970. ‘Effect of weathering on abrasion of granitic gravel, Colorado River (Texas)’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 81, 61–80. 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[61:EOWOAO]2.0.CO;2 CASADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bradley, W. C., Fahnstock, R. K. and Rowekamp, E. T. 1972. ‘Coarse sediment transport by flood flows on Knik River, Alaska’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 83, 1261–1284. 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1261:CSTBFF]2.0.CO;2 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Brierly, G. J. and Hickin, E. J. 1985. ‘The downstream gradation of particle sizes in the Squamish River, British Columbia’, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 10, 597–606. 10.1002/esp.3290100607 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Brush, L. M. 1961. Drainage basins, channels and flow characteristics of selected streams in central Pennsylvania, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 282-F, 145–181. Google Scholar Carling, P. A. 1987. ‘Hydrodynamic models of boulder-berm deposition’, Geomorphology, 2, 319–340. ADSGoogle Scholar Church, M. 1972. Baffin Island sandurs: a study of arctic fluvial processes, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 216, 208 pp. Google Scholar Church, M. and Kellerhals, R. 1978. ‘On the statistics of grain size variation along a gravel river’, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15, 1151–1160. 10.1139/e78-121 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Conlin, B. H. 1989. ‘ Tailings beach slopes’, in Geotechnical Aspects of Tailings Disposal and Acid Mine Drainage, The Vancouver Geotechnical Society, Vancouver, 15 pp. Google Scholar Dawson, M. 1988. ‘Sediment size variation in a braided reach of the Sunwapta River, Alberta, Canada’, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 13, 599–618. 10.1002/esp.3290130705 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Denny, C. S. 1965. Alluvial fans in the Death Valley region, California and Nevada, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 466, 62 pp. Google Scholar Eckis, R. 1928. ‘Alluvial fans in the Cucamonga district, southern California’, Journal of Geology, 36, 224–247. 10.1086/623509 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Everts, C. H. 1973. ‘Particle overpassing on flat granular boundaries’, Journal of the Waterways and Harbours Division, ASCE, 99, 425–438. Google Scholar Fenton, J. D. and Abbott, J. E. 1977. ‘Initial movement of grains on a stream bed: the effect of relative protrusion’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 352, 523–537. 10.1098/rspa.1977.0014 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ferguson, R. and Ashworth, P. 1991. ‘Slope-induced changes in channel character along a gravel-bed stream: the Allt Dubhaig, Scotland’, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 65–82. 10.1002/esp.3290160108 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Gies, R. and Geller, F. J. 1982. ‘Pressure gradients and degradation at the hydrotransport of coarse washery wastes’, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Hydraulic Transport of Solids in Pipes, Johannesburg, 227–240. Google Scholar Grabau, A. W. 1913. Principles of Stratigraphy, Seiler, New York, 1185 pp. 10.5962/bhl.title.15101 Google Scholar Hack, J. T. 1957. Studies in longitudinal stream profiles in Virginia and Maryland, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 294-B, 45–97. Google Scholar Kellerhals, R., Neill, C. R. and Bray, D. I. 1972. Hydraulic and geomorphic characteristics of rivers in Alberta, Research Council of Alberta, River Engineering and Hydrology Report 72-1, 52 pp. Google Scholar Knighton, A. D. 1980. ‘Longitudinal changes in size and sorting of bed-size material in four English rivers’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 91, 55–62. 10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91 2.0.CO;2 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Knighton, A. D. 1982. ‘Longitudinal changes in the size and shape of stream bed material: evidence of variable transport conditions’, Catena, 9, 25–34. 10.1016/S0341-8162(82)80003-9 Google Scholar Kodama, Y. 1994. ‘Experimental study of abrasion and its role in producing downstream fining in gravel-bed rivers’, Journal of Sedimentary Research, A64, 76–85. 10.2110/jsr.64.76 ADSGoogle Scholar Komar, P. D. 1987. ‘Selective entrainment by a current from a bed of mixed sizes: a reanalysis’, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 203–211. Web of Science®Google Scholar Krumbein, W. C. 1941. ‘The effects of abrasion on the size, shape and roundness of rock fragments’, Journal of Geology, 49, 482–520. 10.1086/624985 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Krumbein, W. C. 1942. ‘Flood deposits of Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles county, California’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 53, 1355–1402. 10.1130/GSAB-53-1355 ADSGoogle Scholar Kuenen, P. H. 1956. ‘Experimental abrasion of pebbles. 2. Rolling by current’, Journal of Geology, 64, 336–368. 10.1086/626370 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kuenen, P. H. 1959. ‘Experimental abrasion. 3. Fluvatile action on sand’, American Journal of Science, 257, 172–190. 10.2475/ajs.257.3.172 Web of Science®Google Scholar Lustig, L. K. 1965. Clastic sedimentation in Deep Springs Valley, California, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 352-F, 131–192. Google Scholar McDonald, B. C. and Banerjee, I. 1971. ‘Sediments and bed forms on a braided outwash plain’, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8, 1282–1301. 10.1139/e71-116 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Mackie, W. 1899. ‘On the laws that govern the rounding of sand’, Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 7, 298–311. 10.1144/transed.7.3.298 Google Scholar Mikos, M. 1995. ‘Fluvial abrasion: converting size reduction coefficients into weight reduction coefficients’, Journal of Sedimentary Research, A65, 472–476. Google Scholar Morris, P. H. 1993. ‘Two-dimensional model for subaerial deposition of mine tailings slurry’, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Series A, 102, 181–187. Google Scholar Morris, P. H. and Williams, D. J. 1997a. ‘Hydraulic sorting of co-disposed coarse and fine coal wastes’, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Series C, 106, 21–26. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Morris, P. H. and Williams, D. J. 1997b. ‘Exponential longitudinal profiles of streams’, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22, 143–163. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199702)22:2 3.0.CO;2-Z ADSPubMedGoogle Scholar Morris, P. H. and Williams, D. J. 1997c. ‘Co-disposal of washery wastes at Jeebropilly colliery, Queensland, Australia’, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Series A, 106, 25–29. Google Scholar Morris, P. H. and Williams, D. J. 1997d. ‘Hydraulic conditions leading to exponential mine tailings delta profiles’, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Series A, 106, 34–37. Google Scholar Morris, P. H. and Williams, D. J. 1998. ‘A comparison of two mine waste beach profile equations’, International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 12, 97–100. 10.1080/09208118908944030 Google Scholar Ohmori, H. 1991. ‘Change in the mathematical function type describing the longitudinal profile of a river through an evolutionary process’, Journal of Geology, 99, 97–110. 10.1086/629476 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Paola, C., Parker, G., Seal, R., Sinha, S. K., Southard, J. B. and Wilcock, P. R. 1992. ‘Downstream fining by selective deposition in a laboratory flume’, Science, 258, 1757–1760. 10.1126/science.258.5089.1757 CASADSPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Plumley, W. J. 1948. ‘Black Hills terrace gravels: a study in sediment transport’, Journal of Geology, 56, 526–577. 10.1086/625559 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Pollack, J. M. 1961. ‘Significance of composition and textural properties of South Canadian River channel sands, New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma’, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 31, 15–37. Google Scholar Russell, R. D. and Taylor, R. E. 1937. ‘Roundness and shape of Mississippi River sands’, Journal of Geology, 45, 225–267. 10.1086/624526 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Schlee, J. 1957. ‘Upland gravels of southern Maryland’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 68, 1371–1410. 10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1371:UGOSM]2.0.CO;2 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Schoklitsch, A. 1933. ‘Ueber die verkleinerung der geschiebe in flusslaufen’, Proceedings of the Vienna Academy of Science, Section IIa, 142, 343–366. Google Scholar Schoklitsch, A. 1937. Hydraulic Structures, Vol. 1 (translated by S. Shulits), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 504 pp. Google Scholar Schubert, C. 1964. ‘Size-frequency distribution of sand-sized grains in an abrasion mill’, Sedimentology, 3, 288–295. 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1964.tb00643.x ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Schumm, S. A. and Stevens, M. A. 1973. ‘Abrasion in place: a mechanism for rounding and size reduction of coarse sediments on rivers’, Geology, 1, 37–40. 10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1 2.0.CO;2 ADSGoogle Scholar Scott, K. M. and Gravlee, G. C. Jr 1968. Flood surge on the Rubicon River, California: hydrology, hydraulics and boulder transport, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 442-M, 40 pp. Google Scholar Seal, R., Paola, C., Parker, G., Southard, J. B. and Wilcock, P. R. 1997. ‘Experiments on downstream fining of gravel: I. narrow-channel runs’, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 123, 874–884. Web of Science®Google Scholar Shaw, J. and Kellerhals, R. 1982. The composition of recent alluvial gravels in Alberta river beds, Alberta Research Council Bulletin 41, 151 pp. Google Scholar Shook, C. A., Haas, D. B., Husband, W. H. W. and Small, M. 1979. ‘Degradation of coarse coal particles during hydraulic transport’, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the Hydraulic Transport of Solids in Pipes, Canterbury, England, 125–136. Google Scholar Simons, D. B. 1977. ‘ River and canal morphology’, in H. W. Shen (Ed.), River Mechanics, Vol II, H. W. Shen, Fort Collins. Google Scholar Sternberg, H. 1875. ‘Untersuchungen ueber laengen- und querprofil geschiebefuehrende flusse’, Zeitschrift fuer das Bauwesen, 25, 483–506. Google Scholar Straub, L. G. 1935. ‘Some observations of sorting of river-sediments’, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 16, 463–467. 10.1029/TR016i002p00463 Google Scholar Thiel, G. A. 1940. ‘The relative resistance to abrasion of mineral grains of sand size’, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 10, 103–124. CASGoogle Scholar Unrug, R. 1957. ‘Recent transport and sedimentation of gravels in the Dunajec valley (western Carpathians)’, Acta Geologica Polonica, 7, 217–257. Google Scholar van Rijn, L. C. 1984. ‘Sediment transport, part I: bed load transport’, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 110, 1431–1456. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:10(1431) Web of Science®Google Scholar F. Vianna M. de (Ed.) 1979. The International Geographical Encyclopaedia and Atlas, Macmillan, London, 1002 pp. Google Scholar Wentworth, K. C. 1919. ‘A laboratory and field study of cobble abrasion’, Journal of Geology, 27, 507–522. 10.1086/622676 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Williams, D. J. and Morris, P. H. 1989. ‘Comparison of two models for subaerial deposition of mine tailings slurry’, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Series A, 98, 73–77. Google Scholar Woodford, A. O. 1951. ‘Stream gradients and Monterey sea valley’, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 62, 799–852. 10.1130/0016-7606(1951)62[799:SGAMSV]2.0.CO;2 ADSWeb of Science®Google Scholar Yatsu, E. 1955. ‘On the longitudinal profile of the graded river’, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 36, 655–663. 10.1029/TR036i004p00655 ADSGoogle Scholar Citing Literature Volume24, Issue9August 1999Pages 835-847 ReferencesRelatedInformation