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Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Sexual Violence Among Female Sex Workers Who Inject Drugs on the United States–Mexico Border

2013; Springer Nature; Volume: 28; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1891/0886-6708.11-00129

1945-7073

Lotus McDougal, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Gudelia Rangel, Gustavo Martı́nez, Alicia Vera, Nicole Sirotin, Jamila K. Stockman, Monica D. Ulibarri, Anita Raj,

HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions

This study examines the prevalence of miscarriage/stillbirth among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) and measures its associations with physical and sexual violence. Baseline data from 582 FSW-IDUs enrolled in an HIV intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico were used for current analyses. 30% of participants had experienced at least one miscarriage/stillbirth, 51% had experienced sexual violence, and 49% had experienced physical violence. History of miscarriage/stillbirth was associated with sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [a OR ] = 1.7, p = .02) but not physical violence. Additional reproductive risks associated with miscarriage/stillbirth included high numbers of male clients in the previous month (a OR = 1.1 per 30 clients, p = 0.04), history of abortion (a OR = 3.7, p < .001), and higher number of pregnancies (a OR = 1.4 per additional pregnancy, p < .001). Programs and research with this population should integrate reproductive health and consider gender-based violence.