Prologue: Representations of Running
2012; Routledge; Volume: 29; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/09523367.2012.690625
ISSN1743-9035
Autores Tópico(s)Doping in Sports
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Young, The Modern Olympics; Georgiadis, Olympic Revival. For a Finnish nineteenth-century Olympic history with English summary, see Vettenniemi, Pohjolan helleenit. 2. Kitroeff, Wrestling with the Ancients; Koulouri, Athens, Olympic City. 3. Bairner and Molnar, The Politics of the Olympics, 196. 4. Mallon and Heijmans, Historical Dictionary, xliii–xliv. 5. For an insightful overview, see Rubinfeld, ‘The Mythical Jim Thorpe’, 167–89. 6. Holt and Mangan, ‘Prologue’, 5. 7. Bale and Howe, The Four-Minute Mile. For scholarly biographies, see Viita, Hymyilevä Hannes; Bale, Roger Bannister; Katchen, Abel Kiviat. For a competent non-academic biography, see Judah, Bikila. For scholarly editions of athletes’ diaries, journals and published texts, see Colquhoun, As If Running on Air; Nurmi, Täpärin voittoni. 8. Halmesvirta, ‘Building the Élan Vital’, 624. 9. Vettenniemi, Suomalaisen urheilun synty. 10. Meinander, ‘The Power of Public Pronouncement’, 54, 57–8, 64. See also Meinander, Towards a Bourgeois Manhood, 197. 11. Trangbæk, Den engelska sportens gennembrud. 12. On gymnastics in Finland, see Meinander, Towards a Bourgeois Manhood, 114–9; Sjöblom, ‘In the Borderlands’, 30–40. On body cultures, see Eichberg, Body Cultures; Eichberg, ‘Body culture’, 161–82. 13. On Sweden, see Lindroth, Idrottens väg, 94–103, 252–4. On Scandinavia as a whole, see Meinander, Towards a Bourgeois Manhood, 69–73; Kayser Nielsen, Body, Sport and Society, 91–5. On other European countries, see Pfister, ‘Cultural Confrontations’, 61–91. 14. On gymnastic running, see Eichberg, Die Veränderung des Sports, 121–2, 149–51; Vettenniemi, ‘Viktor Heikel’, 95–102. On running cultures, see Bale, Running Cultures. 15. Bruant, Anthropologie du geste sportif, 191–2, 207. This is precisely what Lauri Pihkala taught in a 1908 manual cherished by Kolehmainen. Pihkala, Urheilijan opas, 219–22. 16. Eichberg, ‘Stopwatch, Horizontal Bar, Gymnasium’, 56. 17. Llewellyn, ‘“The Best Distance Runner the World Has Ever Produced”’, 1016–1034. 18. Vettenniemi, ‘Why Did the “Flying Finns” Walk?’, 1060–1079. See also Vettenniemi, Joutavan juoksun jäljillä. 19. Quoted in Bale and Sang, Kenyan Running, 21. 20. Eichberg, Det løbende samfund. 21. His predecessors were, in chronological order, Willie Kolehmainen, Hannes Kolehmainen, and Willie Kyrönen. See Berg and Dyreson, ‘The “Flying Finn's” American Sojourn’, 1035–1059. 22. Sironen, Urheilun aika ja paikka, 26; Sironen, ‘Urheilu on tarina meistä’, 104. 23. Booth, The Field, 207–9. See also Oriard, ‘A Linguistic Turn’, 75–91. 24. Viita, Suden hetkiä; Viita, Hymyilevä Hannes. Prominent sport journalists denounced Viita's Kolehmainen biography as an unpatriotic tome. See Vettenniemi, ‘Paluu Peurungalle’, 16. Conversely, an internationally renowned sport sociologist regretted that a biographical study had passed for a doctoral dissertation. Heinilä, ‘Tieteenteon rajankäyntiä’, 33. He had probably not even read the book. 25. Viita, ‘A Reluctant Hero’, 980–1000. 26. Tomlison, ‘Bannister's Feat’, 41–2. See also Booth, The Field, 123–6. 27. Nauright, ‘Nostalgia, Culture and Modern Sport’, 36. 28. Widholm, ‘Swedish Visions of a “Smiling Finn”’, 1001–1015. 29. Kokkonen, ‘Hakkaa päälle!’. See also Yttergren, ‘J. Sigfrid Edström’, 114. 30. Osmond and Phillips, ‘Sources’, 43. See also Booth, The Field, 84–94. 31. For PhD dissertations with English summaries on the two men, see Salimäki, Isänmaan ja urheilu-uskon mies; Haslum, Idrott, borgerlig folkfostran och frihet. For recent English-language scholarly essays centered largely on Pihkala, see Nendel, ‘Defeated Hero!’, 691–709; Vettenniemi, ‘Runners, Rumors and Reams of Representations’, 415–30. 32. For a harbinger of the next round, see Nathan, ‘“The Nonpareil, the Runner of the Ages”’ (forthcoming). 33. Llewellyn, ‘“The Best Distance Runner the World Has Ever Produced”’, 1016–1034.; Berg and Dyreson. ‘The “Flying Finn's” American Sojourn’, 1035–1059. 34. Vettenniemi, ‘Why Did the “Flying Finns” Walk?’, 1060–1079. 35. Llewellyn, ‘“The Best Distance Runner the World Has Ever Produced”’, 1016–1034. 36. Kolehmainen confided monetary secrets to his training diary. Viita, Hymyilevä Hannes, 183–5. 37. Downer, Running Recollections, 25–9. The Americans, of course, vigorously defended the application of ‘scientific knowledge and rational planning’ to athletics. Dyreson, Making the American Team, 165–7. They were supported by the Olympic leader Pierre de Coubertin who stood up for the ‘specialist athlete’, citing Kolehmainen as a shining example in that connection. De Coubertin, ‘Une campagne contre l'athlète spécialisé’, 114–5. 38. Llewellyn, Rule Britannia, 201–2. 39. Jørgensen, ‘From Balck to Nurmi’, 69–99. The Danish author's text is riddled with errors and misinterpretations. He writes, for example, that ‘the public authorities’ subsidised sports in pre-independent Finland (p. 75) where ‘[t]he sports movement was organized from above’ (p. 93), all of which is simply not true. 40. de Coubertin, Olympic Memoirs, 80. 41. Berg and Dyreson, ‘The “Flying Finn's” American Sojourn’, 1035–1059. 42. Bale and Sang, Kenyan Running, 144–5, 158. See also Vettenniemi, ‘The Promised Land’, 10–11; Tervo, ‘A Cultural Community’, 163–6. Ironically, a Finnish-born coach played a crucial role in the modernisation of Ethiopian running. Vettenniemi, ‘All Trails Lead to Addis Abeba’, 2223–4. 43. For a selective history of the IAAC, see Katchen, Abel Kiviat, 46–57, 83–90. Kolehmainen did occasionally compete for American–Finnish clubs. Viita, Hymyilevä Hannes, 197, 203. 44. Vettenniemi, ‘Why Did the “Flying Finns” Walk?’, 1060–1079. 45. Noakes, Lore of Running, 298. 46. Guest, ‘The Diffusion of Development-through-sport’, 1338–9. See also Vettenniemi, ‘Viktor Heikel’, 102–6. 47. Vettenniemi, ‘Paradise (Totally) Lost’. Published in 2006, the only English-language Paavo Nurmi biography believes that the protagonist invented ‘total training’. Karikko and Koski, Legendary Runner, 31. As it was based on a Finnish-language original that had come out in the 1960s, the biography ended up being outdated upon publication. For a critical review of mine, see Scandinavian Journal of History, 33, no. 3 (September 2008): 302–4. Curiously, no decent Nurmi biography exists in any language. 48. For a discussion of the seven ‘distinguishing characteristics’ of modern sport, see Guttmann, From Record to Ritual, Ch. 2. 49. Booth, ‘From Ritual to Record’, 22, 25. See also Guttmann, From Record to Ritual, 167. 50. Eichberg, Die Veränderung des Sports.
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