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Prostate Specific Antigen Density Correlates With Features of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness

2007; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 177; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.039

1527-3792

Shilajit Kundu, Kimberly A. Roehl, Xiaoying Yu, Jo Ann V. Antenor, Brian K. Suarez, William J. Catàlona,

Hepatitis B Virus Studies

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Feb 2007Prostate Specific Antigen Density Correlates With Features of Prostate Cancer Aggressivenessis accompanied byUnderstanding Mixed Messages About Prostate Specific Antigen: Biases in the Evaluation of Cancer Biomarkers Shilajit D. Kundu, Kimberly A. Roehl, Xiaoying Yu, Jo Ann V. Antenor, Brian K. Suarez, and William J. Catalona Shilajit D. KunduShilajit D. Kundu Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois , Kimberly A. RoehlKimberly A. Roehl Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri , Xiaoying YuXiaoying Yu Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois , Jo Ann V. AntenorJo Ann V. Antenor Department of Neurology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri , Brian K. SuarezBrian K. Suarez Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri , and William J. CatalonaWilliam J. Catalona Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.039AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: An increased prostate specific antigen density (serum prostate specific antigen divided by prostate volume) is an established parameter to help determine the need to perform prostate biopsies. A man with a high prostate specific antigen and a normal size prostate gland is more likely to have cancer than a man with the same prostate specific antigen and a large gland. Prostate specific antigen in relation to prostate size should also reflect the volume of cancer in the gland. One group defined clinically unimportant prostate cancer as tumor volume less than 0.5 cc, organ confined disease and Gleason less than 7. Another group noted that at the time of biopsy, a prostate specific antigen density less than 0.15 ng/ml/cc combined with low risk clinical tumor features predicted insignificant cancer. There are limited published validating data on the association of prostate specific antigen density with the criteria for prostate cancer aggressiveness. We tested the association of prostate specific antigen density with features of tumor aggressiveness in a screened and in a nonscreened cohort of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: The screened patient cohort included 1,280 patients with screen detected prostate cancer treated from 1990 to 2002 at Washington University, and the nonscreened cohort included 382 patients treated from 2003 to 2004 at Northwestern University. We recorded the clinical and pathological tumor parameters in a prospective database. Parameters evaluated were pathological tumor stage, Gleason sum, tumor volume, biochemical progression and the previously mentioned 2 criteria for clinically unimportant cancers. We grouped patients into 4 prostate specific antigen density categories of less than 0.1, 0.1 to 0.14, 0.15 to 0.19 and greater than 0.19 ng/ml/cc. Results: There was a significant trend for worsening clinicopathological prognostic features as prostate specific antigen density increased. There were 357 (82%), 283 (75%), 171 (75%) and 192 (55%) men with organ confined disease with clear surgical margins if prostate specific antigen density was less than 0.1, 0.1 to 0.14, 0.15 to 0.19 and greater than 0.19 ng/ml/cc, respectively (p <0.001). There were 86 (20%), 102 (27%), 64 (28%) and 157 (45%) men with a Gleason sum greater than 7 when grouped into each increasing PSA density category, respectively (p <0.001). There were 91 (21%), 91 (25%), 74 (33%) and 157 (46%) men with a total cancer volume greater than 0.5 cc when grouped into each increasing PSA density category, respectively (p <0.001). Prostate specific antigen velocity was greater than 2 ng/ml per year in 11%, 30%, 27% and 46% of men if prostate specific antigen density was less than 0.1, 0.1 to 0.14, 0.15 to 0.19 and greater than 0.19 ng/ml/cc, respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: Prostate specific antigen density measurements are useful in helping to determine the aggressiveness of clinically localized prostate cancer, and can be used as an adjunct in predicting insignificant cancer and outcomes after local therapy. References 1 : Cancer statistics, 1999. Cancer J Clin1999; 49: 8. Google Scholar 2 : The efficacy of PSA density for the early detection of prostate cancer. Nippon Rinsho1998; 56: 2012. 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Google Scholar © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byBarocas D (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 187, NO. 2, (481-481), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2012.Magheli A, Rais-Bahrami S, Trock B, Humphreys E, Partin A, Han M and Gonzalgo M (2018) Prostate Specific Antigen Versus Prostate Specific Antigen Density as a Prognosticator of Pathological Characteristics and Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 179, NO. 5, (1780-1784), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.Related articlesJournal of Urology9 Nov 2018Understanding Mixed Messages About Prostate Specific Antigen: Biases in the Evaluation of Cancer Biomarkers Volume 177Issue 2February 2007Page: 505-509 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationKeywordsdisease progressionprostatic neoplasmsprostate-specific antigenMetricsAuthor Information Shilajit D. Kundu Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois More articles by this author Kimberly A. Roehl Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri More articles by this author Xiaoying Yu Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois More articles by this author Jo Ann V. Antenor Department of Neurology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri More articles by this author Brian K. Suarez Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri More articles by this author William J. Catalona Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois Financial interest and/or other relationship with Beckman Coulter Incorporated. More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...