On Acquiescence and Ends-Less War: An Inquiry into the New War Rhetoric
2013; Routledge; Volume: 99; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00335630.2013.775705
ISSN1479-5779
AutoresJeremy Engels, William O. Saas,
Tópico(s)American Constitutional Law and Politics
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: AcquiescenceEnds-Less WarWar RhetoricRandolph Bourne Notes 1. See Jeremy Engels, Enemyship: Democracy & Counter-Revolution in the Early Republic (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2010). 2. Amy Bingham, “2,000 Dead: Cost of War in Afghanistan,” ABC News, October 1, 2012, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/2000-dead-cost-war-afghanistan/story?id = 17367728#.ULZYWI4_6gE. 3. Iraq Body Count, http://www.iraqbodycount.org. 4. Christopher Hinton, “Iraq War Ends With $4 Trillion IOU,” Market Watch, December 15, 2011, http://articles.marketwatch.com/2011–12–15/general/30778140_1_iraq-war-iraq-and-afghanistan-veterans-budgetary-assessments. 5. David R. Francis, “Iraq War Will Cost More Than World War II,” Christian Science Monitor, http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/new-economy/2011/1025/Iraq-war-will-cost-more-than-World-War-II. 6. See the chart of federal outlays in the Executive Office report Fiscal Year 2013 Budget of the US Government: Historical Tables, 47–55, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/hist.pdf. 7. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “Policy Basics: Where Do Our Federal Tax Dollars Go?,” August 13, 2012, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa = view&id = 1258. 8. George W. Bush, “Address to Joint Session of Congress Following 9/11 Attacks,” (September 20, 2001), American Rhetoric, http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911jointsessionspeech.htm. 9. George W. Bush, “Remarks to Airline Employees in Chicago,” Illinois, September 27, 2001, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid = 65084. 10. “Our war on terror begins with al Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.” President Bush, Address of September 20, 2001. 11. “Barack Obama Attacks President Bush's Post-9/11 Message to America,” Foxnews.com, October 9, 2008, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,435203,00.html. 12. Denise M. Bostdorff, “George W. Bush's Post-September 11 Rhetoric of Covenant Renewel: Upholding the Faith of the Greatest Generation,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 89 (2003): 293–319, doi: 10:80/0033563032000160963. 13. John M. Murphy, “‘Our Mission and Our Moment’: George W. Bush and September 11th,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 6 (2003): 607–32. 14. Donovan S. Conley, “The Joys of Victimage in George W. Bush's War of Totality,” Cultural Studies/Critical Methodologies 10 (2010): 347–57. 15. Roger Stahl, “A Clockwork War: Rhetorics of Time in a Time of Terror,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 94 (2008): 73–99, doi:10.1080/00335630701790826. 16. Jeremy Engels, “Floating Bombs Encircling Our Shores: Post-9/11 Rhetorics of Piracy and Terrorism,” Cultural Studies/Critical Methodologies 7 (2007): 326–49. 17. Robert L. Ivie, Democracy and America's War on Terror (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2005), 137. 18. Stephen John Hartnett and Laura Ann Stengrim, Globalization and Empire: The US Invasion of Iraq, Free Markets, and the Twilight of Democracy (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006). For a helpful analysis of Colin Powell's WMD rhetoric at the UN, see David Zarefsky, “Making the Case for War: Colin Powell at the United Nations,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 10 (2007): 275–302. 19. David Zarefsky, “Two Faces of Democratic Rhetoric,” in Rhetoric & Democracy: Pedagogical and Political Practices, ed. Todd F. McDorman and David M. Timmerman (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2008), 124. 20. On Bourne and his legacy, see Nathan Crick and Jeremy Engels, “‘The Effort of Reason, and the Adventure of Beauty’: The Aesthetic Rhetoric of Randolph Bourne,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 98 (2012): 272–96, doi: 10.1080/00335630.2012.691174. 21. Randolph Bourne, “The State” (1919), in The Radical Will: Selected Writings 1911–1918, ed. Olaf Hansen (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 359. 22. Bourne, “A War Diary” (1917), in The Radical Will, 319. 23. There is a subtle lexical change here, with the “d” at the end of “ad” assimilating to “c” to match the initial consonant sound of the verb: ad+quiescere thus becomes acquiescere. 24. Lewis and Short's A Latin Dictionary defines the meaning of acquiescere as “to become physically quiet, to come to physical repose.” This sense of a process of coming to rest, of finding calm and mental peace, is crucial for understanding the etymology of “acquiescence.” Here, we nod to the crucial connection between acquiescere and its synonym requiescere, to quiet down. 25. Henk Van Den Belt, The Authority of Scripture in Reformed Theology: Truth and Trust (Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2008), 100–102. 26. We take the idea of rhetorical trump cards from Richard M. Weaver, The Ethics of Rhetoric (1953; Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press, 1985), 220. On “support the troops” rhetoric, see Roger Stahl, “Why We Support The Troops: Rhetorical Evolutions,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 12 (2009): 533–70; on the rhetoric of “evil,” see forum “Evil in the Agora,” ed. Dana Cloud, in Rhetoric & Public Affairs 6 (2003). 27. On the rhetoric of the “contract of blood” developed to cement civic rituals of assent to the Constitution in the early Republic, see Engels, Enemyship, 157–205. 28. Donovan S. Conley and William O. Saas, “Occultatio: The Bush Administration's Rhetorical War,” Western Journal of Communication 74 (2010): 329–50; for one demonstration of how the deflection of responsibility occurs in the now famous Situation Room photo, see Liam Kennedy, “Seeing and Believing: On Photography and the War on Terror,” Public Culture 24 (2012): 261–81, doi: 10.1215/08992363-1535498. 29. David Johnston and Charlie Savage, “Obama Reluctant to Look Into Bush Programs,” New York Times, January 11, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/12/us/politics/12inquire.html?pagewanted = all. 30. Max Weber, Economy and Society, ed. Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), 1140–41. Additional informationNotes on contributorsJeremy EngelsJeremy Engels is an Associate Professor, in the Department of Communication Arts & Sciences, Penn State UniversityWilliam O. SaasWilliam O. Saas is a Ph.D. Candidate, in the Department of Communication Arts & Sciences, Penn State University
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