Artigo Acesso aberto

Zonisamide: Pharmacology and Clinical Efficacy in Epilepsy

1998; Wiley; Volume: 4; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1527-3458.1998.tb00075.x

ISSN

1527-3458

Autores

Yoshinobu Masuda, Masayuki Ishizaki, Masanao Shimizu,

Tópico(s)

Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

Resumo

CNS Drug ReviewsVolume 4, Issue 4 p. 341-360 Free Access Zonisamide: Pharmacology and Clinical Efficacy in Epilepsy Yoshinobu Masuda, Corresponding Author Yoshinobu Masuda Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, Osaka, JapanDr. Y. Masuda, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, 33 94 Enoki, Suita, Osaka 564, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorMasayuki Ishizaki, Masayuki Ishizaki Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, Osaka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMasanao Shimizu, Masanao Shimizu Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, Osaka, JapanSearch for more papers by this author Yoshinobu Masuda, Corresponding Author Yoshinobu Masuda Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, Osaka, JapanDr. Y. Masuda, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, 33 94 Enoki, Suita, Osaka 564, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorMasayuki Ishizaki, Masayuki Ishizaki Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, Osaka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMasanao Shimizu, Masanao Shimizu Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Laboratories, Osaka, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.1998.tb00075.xCitations: 42AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1 Acuna-Castroviejo D , Coto-Montes A , Monti MG , Ortiz GG , Reiter RJ . Melatonin is protective against MPTP-induced striatal and hippocampal lesions . Life Sci 1997 ; 60 : 23 – 29 . Google Scholar 2 Adams JD , Odunze IN . Oxygen free radicals and Parkinson's disease . Free Radical Biol Med 1991 ; 10 : 161 – 169 . 10.1016/0891-5849(91)90009-R CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Adams PR , Galvin M . Voltage-dependent current of vertebrate neurons and their role in membrane excitability . In : AV Delgado-Escueta , AA Ward , DM Woodbury , RJ Porter , eds. Basic mechanisms of the epilepsies . New York : Raven Press , 1986 ; 137 – 170 . Google Scholar 4 Beckman JS , Beckman TW , Chen J , Marshall PA , Freeman BA . Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990 ; 87 : 1620 – 1624 . 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 Benveniste H , Drejer J , Schousboe A , Diemer N . Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia monitored by intracerebral microdialysis . J Neurochem 1984 ; 43 : 1369 – 1374 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05396.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6 Bonnekoh P , Barbier A , Oschlies U , Hossman K . Selective vulnerability in the gerbil hippocampus: Morphological changes after 5 min ischemia and long survival times . Acta Neuropathol 1990 ; 80 : 18 – 25 . 10.1007/BF00294217 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7 Buchanan RA , Bockbrader HN , Chang T , Sedman AJ . Zonisamide pharmacokinetics . Epilepsia 1998 ; 39 ( Suppl 2 ): 39 . Google Scholar 8 Buchanan RA , French JA , Leppik IE , Padgett CS . Zonisamide drug interactions . Epilepsia 1998 ; 39 ( Suppl 2 ): 39 . Google Scholar 9 Buchanan RA , Montouris GD , Ayala R , Faught E . Zonisamide efficacy and dose response . Epilepsia 1998 ; 39 ( Suppl 2 ): 39 . Google Scholar 10 Burns RS , Chiueh CC , Markey SP , Ebert MH , Jacobowitz DM , Kopin IJ . A primate model of parkinsonism: Selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of substantia nigra by N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine . Proc Natl AcadSci USA 1983 ; 80 : 4546 – 4550 . 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4546 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11 Castagonoli A , Jr , Chiba K , Trevor AJ . Potential bioactivation pathways for the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) . Life Sci 1985 ; 36 : 225 – 230 . 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90063-3 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12 Chan P , Delanney LE , Irwin L , Langston JW , Di Monte DA . Rapid ATP loss caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mouse brain . J Neurochem 1991 ; 57 : 348 – 351 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02134.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13 Chiba K , Trevor Aj , Castagnoli N , Jr . Metabolism of the neurotoxic tertiary amine, MPTP, by brain monoamine oxidase . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984 ; 120 : 574 – 578 . 10.1016/0006-291X(84)91293-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14 Chiba K , Trevor AJ , Castagnoli N , Jr . Active uptake of MPP+, a metabolite of MPTP, by brain synaptosomes . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985 ; 128 : 1229 – 1232 . 10.1016/0006-291X(85)91071-X Web of Science®Google Scholar 15 Davis GC , William AC , Markey SP , et al. Chronic parkinsonism secondary to intravenous injection of meperidine analogues . Psychiatry Res 1979 ; 1 : 249 – 254 . 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90006-4 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16 Fujita Y , Okuno O , Noguchi Y , Nishimura A , Fuchigami T , Harada K . Zonisamide-induced hydropoietic disorder in patients with childhood epilepsy . J Nihon Univ Med Assoc 1995 ; 54 : 658 – 662 . Google Scholar 17 Fukuda A , Masuda Y . Cerebral protective action of zonisamide and clinical experience in neurosurgical patients . Jpn Pharmacol Ther 1991 ; 19 : 2011 – 2018 . Google Scholar 18 Ginella M , Gualtieri F , Stein ML . Benzisoxazole and benzisothiazole analogs of auxin . Phytochemistry 1971 ; 10 : 539 – 544 . 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94694-6 Web of Science®Google Scholar 19 Goa KL , Sorkin EM . Gabapentin: A review of its pharmacological properties in epilepsy . Drugs 1993 ; 46 : 409 – 427 . 10.2165/00003495-199346030-00007 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20 Hamada K , Ishida S , Yagi K , Seino M . Anticonvulsant effects of zonisamide on amygdaloid kindling in rats . Neuroscience 1990 ; 16 : 407 – 412 . CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21 Hara H , Sukamoto T , Kogure K . Mechanism and pathogenesis of ischemia-induced neuronal damage . Prog Neurol 1993 ; 40 : 645 – 670 . 10.1016/0301-0082(93)90009-H CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22 Hayakawa T , Higuchi Y , Nigami H , Hattori H . Zonisamide reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats irrespective of its anticonvulsive effect . Eur J Pharmacol 1994 ; 257 : 131 – 136 . 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90704-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 23 Heikkila RE , Hess A , Duvoisin RC . Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice . Science 1984 ; 224 : 1451 – 1453 . 10.1126/science.6610213 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 24 Heikkila RE , Sieber BA , Manzino L , Sonsalla PK . Some features of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse . Mol Chem Neuropathol 1989 ; 10 : 171 – 183 . 10.1007/BF03159727 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25 Henry TR , Leppik IE , Gumnit RJ , Jacobs M . Progressive myoclonus epilepsy treated with zonisamide . Neurology 1988 ; 38 : 928 – 931 . 10.1212/WNL.38.6.928 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 26 Heo K . Controlled trials of monotherapy in Korea (Korean zonisamide study group)-Interim report. Satellite symposium II, A novel antiepileptic drug: Zonisamide . 1st AOEO, September 6 , 1996 , Seoul, Korea . Google Scholar 27 Hori M , Ito T , Oka M , et al. General pharmacology of the novel antiepileptic compound zonisamide. First communication: Effects on central nervous system . Arzneim-Forsch 1987 ; 37 : 1244 – 1130 . Google Scholar 28 Hougton GW , Richen A , Toseland PA , Davidson S , Falconer MA . Brain concentrations of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone in epileptic patients . Eur J Pharmacol 1975 ; 9 : 73 – 78 . Google Scholar 29 Ibba M , Vanasia A , Testa R . Differential antagonism of denzimol to various components of metrazole-induced seizures in rats and mice . Pharmacol Res Commun 1985 ; 17 : 1169 – 1180 . 10.1016/0031-6989(85)90029-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 30 Ito T , Hori M , Masuda Y , Yoshida K , Shimizu M . 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole, a new type of anticonvulsant drug. Electroencephalographic profile . Arzneim-Forsch 1980 ; 30 : 603 – 609 . CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31 Ito T , Hori M , Kadokawa T . Effects of zonisamide (AD-810) on tungstic acid gel-induced thalamic generalized seizures and conjugated estrogen-induced cortical spike-wave discharge in cats . Epilepsia 1986 ; 27 : 367 – 374 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1986.tb03555.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 32 Jackson-Lewis V , Jakowec M , Burke RE , Przedborski S . Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine . Neurodegeneration 1995 ; 4 : 257 – 269 . 10.1016/1055-8330(95)90015-2 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 33 Janner P , Schapira AHV , Marsden CD . New insights into the cause of Parkinson's disease . Neurology 1992 ; 42 : 2241 – 2250 . 10.1212/WNL.42.12.2241 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 34 Kakegawa N . An experimental study on the modes of appearance and disappearance of suppressive effect of antiepileptic drugs on kindled seizures . Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 1986 ; 88 : 81 – 98 . PubMedGoogle Scholar 35 Kamei C , Oka M , Masuda Y , Yoshida K , Shimizu M . Effects of 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810) and some antiepileptics on the kindled seizures in the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in rats . Arch Int Pharmacodyn 1981 ; 249 : 164 – 176 . CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 36 Kirino T . Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia . Brain Res 1981 ; 239 : 57 – 69 . 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90833-2 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 37 Kochak GM , Page JG , Buchanan RA , et al. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of zonisamide, an antiepileptic agent for treatment of refractory complex partial seizures . J Clin Pharmacol 1998 ; 38 : 166 – 171 . 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04406.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 38 Komatsu M , Okamura Y , Hiramatsu M . Free radical scavenging activity of zonisamide and its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxide formation in iron-induced epileptogenic foci of rats . Neuroscience 1995 ; 21 : 23 – 29 . CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 39 Kondo T , Kaneko S , Amano Y , Egawa I . Preliminary report on teratogenic effects of zonisamide in the offspring of treated women with epilepsy . Epilepsia 1996 ; 37 : 1242 – 1244 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00560.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 40 Kopin IJ , Markey SP . MPTP toxicity: Implication for research on Parkinson's disease . Annu Rev Neurosci 1988 ; 11 : 81 – 96 . 10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.000501 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 41 Kyllerman M , Ben-Menachem E . Zonisamide for progressive myoclonus epilepsy: Long-term observations in seven patients . Epilepsy Res 1998 ; 29 : 109 – 114 . 10.1016/S0920-1211(97)00069-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 42 Lange KW . Behavioral effects of supersensitivity in the rat following intranigral MPTP and MPP+ administration . Eur J Pharmacol 1990 ; 175 : 57 – 61 . 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90152-V CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 43 Langston JW , Ballard P , Tetrud JW , Irwin I . Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analogue synthesis . Science 1983 ; 219 : 979 – 980 . 10.1126/science.6823561 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 44 Langston JW , Forno LS , Robert GS , Irwin I . Selective nigral toxicity after systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the squirrel monkey . Brain Res 1984 ; 292 : 390 – 394 . 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90777-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 45 Langston JW , Irwin I . MPTP: Current concepts and controversies . Clin Neuropharmacol 1986 ; 9 : 485 – 507 . 10.1097/00002826-198612000-00001 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 46 Lee BI . New antiepileptic drugs. II. Clinical use . J Korean Med Sci 1996 ; 11 : 289 – 304 . 10.3346/jkms.1996.11.4.289 CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 47 Masuda Y , Utsui Y , Shiraishi Y , Karasawa T , Yoshida K , Shimizu M . Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic tolerance of a new anticonvulsant agent (3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benz-isoxazole) compared to phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, and carbamazepine in rats . Arch Int Pharmacodyn 1979 ; 240 : 79 – 89 . CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 48 Masuda Y , Utsui Y , Shiraishi Y , Karasawa T , Yoshida K , Shimizu M . Relationships between plasma concentrations of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and 3-sulfamoyl-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810), a new anticonvulsant agent, and their anticonvulsant or neurotoxic effects in experimental animals . Epilepsia 1979 ; 20 : 623 – 633 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04846.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 49 Masuda Y , Karasawa T , Shiraishi Y , Hori M , Yoshida K , Shimizu M . 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole, a new type of anticonvulsant drug. Pharmacological profile . Arzneim-Forsch 1980 ; 30 : 477 – 483 . CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 50 Masuda Y , Shiraishi Y , Karasawa T , Yoshida K , Shimizu M . Differential antagonism of anticonvulsants to various components of maximal seizures induced by electroshock or pentylenetetrazol in mice . J Pharm Dyn 1980 ; 3 : 526 – 531 . 10.1248/bpb1978.3.526 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 51 Masuda Y , Karasawa T . Inhibitory effect of zonisamide on human carbonic anhydrase in vitro . Arzneim-Forsch 1993 ; 43 : 416 – 417 . CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 52 Masuda Y , Noguchi H , Karasawa T . Evidence against a significant implication of carbonic anhydrase activity of zonisamide in its anticonvulsive effects . Arzneim-Forsch 1994 ; 44 : 267 – 269 . CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 53 Masuda Y , Ochi Y , Kohayakawa H , et al. The novel anticonvulsant zonisamide prevents dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MPTP . Jpn J Pharmacol 1998 ; 76 ( Suppl 1 ): 119 . Google Scholar 54 Mather GG , Carlson S , Trager WF , Buchanan RA , Levy RH . Prediction of zonisamide interactions based on metabolic isozymes . Epilepsia 1997 ; 38 : 108 . Google Scholar 55 McJilton J , De Tolendo J , De Cerce J , Huda S , Abubakr A , Ramsay E . Cotherapy of lamotrigine/zonisamide results in significant elevation of zonisamide levels . Epilepsia 1996 ; 37 ( Suppl 5 ): 172 . Google Scholar 56 Millichap JG . Relation of laboratory evaluation to clinical effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs . Epilepsia 1969 ; 10 : 315 – 328 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1969.tb03849.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 57 Miller A , Wheatley P , Sawyer DA , Baxter MG , Roth B . Pharmacological studies on lamotrigine, a novel potential antiepileptic drug: Anticonvulsant profile in mice and rats . Epilepsia 1996 ; 27 : 483 – 489 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1986.tb03572.x Web of Science®Google Scholar 58 Mimaki T , Suzuki Y , Tagawa T , Karasawa T , Yabuuchi H . Interaction of zonisamide with benzodiazepine and GABA receptors in rat brain . Med J Osaka Univ 1990 ; 39 : 13 – 17 . CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 59 Minato H , Kikuta C , Fujitani B , Masuda Y . Protective effect of zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, against focal ischemia with middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion in rats . Epilepsia 1997 ; 38 : 975 – 980 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01479.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 60 Miura H . Once-daily dose of zonisamide monotherapy in children with cryptogenic localization-related epilepsies. Satellite symposium II, A novel antiepileptic drug: zonisamide . 1st AOEO, September 6 , 1996 , Seoul, Korea . Google Scholar 61 Mori A . Reactive oxygen species and mechanism of induction of seizure by guanidine compound . In : L Packer , M Hiramatsu , T Yoshikawa , eds. Free radicals in brain physiology and disorders . San Diego : Academic Press , 1996 ; 3 – 15 . Google Scholar 62 Mori A , Noda Y , Packer L . The anticonvulsant zonisamide scavenges free radicals . Epilepsy Res 1998 ; 30 : 153 – 158 . 10.1016/S0920-1211(97)00097-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 63 Nicklas WJ , Vyas I , Heikkila RE . Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine . Life Sci 1985 ; 36 : 2503 – 2508 . 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90146-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 64 Nielson EB , Suzdak PD , Andersen KE , et al. Characterization of tiagabine (NO-328), a new potent and selective GABA uptake inhibitor . Eur J Pharmacol 1991 ; 196 : 257 – 272 . 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90438-V PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 65 Nunn J , Hodges H . Cognitive deficits induced by global cerebral ischemia: Relationship to brain damage and reversal by transplants . Behav Brain Res 1994 ; 65 : 1 – 31 . 10.1016/0166-4328(94)90069-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 66 Oguni H , Hayashi K , Fukuyama Y , et al. Phase III study of a new antiepileptic AD-810, zonisamide, in childhood epilepsy . Jpn J Pediatr 1988 ; 41 : 439 – 450 . Google Scholar 67 Okada M , Kaneko S , Hirano T , et al. Effects of zonisamide on dopaminergic system . Epilepsy Res 1995 ; 22 : 193 – 205 . 10.1016/0920-1211(95)00078-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 68 Owen DL , Ijaz S , Miyashita H , Wishart T , Hewlett W , Shuaib A . Zonisamide as a neuroprotective agent in an adult gerbil model of global forebrain ischemia: A histological, in vivo microdialysis and behavioral study . Brain Res 1997 ; 770 : 115 – 122 . 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00789-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 69 Padgett CS , Bergen DC , French JA , Buchanan RA . Renal calculi associated with zonisamide . Epilepsia 1996 ; 37 ( Suppl 5 ): 173 . Google Scholar 70 Poirier JA , Barbeau A . A catalyst function for MPTP in superoxide formation . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985 ; 131 : 1284 – 1289 . 10.1016/0006-291X(85)90230-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 71 Posner T . Über die Einwirkung von freiem Hydroxylamine auf Cumarine . Chem Ber 1909 ; 42 : 2523 – 2532 . 10.1002/cber.190904202158 CASGoogle Scholar 72 Posner T , Hess R . Beiträge zur Kenntnis der ungesätigten Verbindungen X. Über die Einwirkung von freier Hydroxylamine auf Cumarine . Chem Ber 1913 ; 46 : 3816 – 3833 . 10.1002/cber.191304603171 Web of Science®Google Scholar 73 Rajas P , Rios C . Increased striatal lipid peroxidation after intraventricular MPP+ administration to mice . Pharmacol Toxicol 1993 ; 72 : 364 – 368 . 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01345.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 74 Ramsey RR , Singer TP . Energy-dependent uptake of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine, by mitochondria . J Biol Chem 1986 ; 261 : 7585 – 7587 . PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 75 Rios C , Tapia R . Changes in lipid peroxidation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion in mouse brain homogenate . Neurosci Lett 1987 ; 77 : 321 – 326 . 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90521-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 76 Rock DM , Macdonald RL , Taylor CP . Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD-810, CI-912) a novel anticonvulsant . Epilepsy Res 1989 ; 3 : 138 – 143 . 10.1016/0920-1211(89)90041-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 77 Sanchez-Ramos JR , Michel P , Weiner MJ , Hefti F . Selective destruction of cultured dopaminergic neurons from foetal rat mesencephalon by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: Cytochemical and morphological evidence . J Neurochem 1988 ; 50 : 1934 – 1936 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02500.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 78 Schauf CL . Zonisamide enhances slow sodium inactivation in Myxicola . Brain Res 1987 ; 413 : 185 – 188 . 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90168-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 79 Schmidt D , Jacob R , Loiseau P , et al. Zonisamide for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: A European double-blind trial . Epilepsy Res 1993 ; 15 : 67 – 73 . 10.1016/0920-1211(93)90011-U CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 80 F-D-C REPORTS , Pharmaceutical Approvals Monthly 1998 ; 3 : 10 – 12 . Google Scholar 81 Seino M , Ito T . Zonisamide . In : J Engel , TA Pedlley , eds. Epilepsy: A comprehensive textbook . Philadelphia : Lippincott-Raven , 1997 ; 1619 – 1626 . Google Scholar 82 Seino M , Naruto S , Ito T , Miyazaki H , et al. Other antiepileptic drugs. Zonisamide . In : RH Levy , RH Mattson , BS Meldrum , eds. Antiepileptic drugs . New York : Raven Press , 1995 ; 1011 – 1023 . Google Scholar 83 Seino M , Okuma T , Miyasaka M , et al. Efficacy evaluation of AD-810 (zonisamide). Double-blind study comparing with carbamazepine . Clin Exp Med 1988 ; 144 : 275 – 291 . Google Scholar 84 Seki T , Kumagai N , Yamada T . Efficacy of zonisamide monotherapy . In : T Seki , K Yagi , eds. Zonisamide in epilepsy therapy . Tokyo : Life Science Publishing , 1996 ; 38 – 42 . Google Scholar 85 Shank RP , Gardocki JF , Vaught JL , et al. Topiramate: Preclinical evaluation of a structurally novel anticonvulsant . Epilepsia 1994 ; 35 : 450 – 460 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02459.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 86 Sherwin AL , Eisen AA , Sokolowski CD . Anticonvulsant drugs in human epileptogenic brain . Arch Neurol 1973 ; 29 : 73 – 77 . 10.1001/archneur.1973.00490260017001 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 87 Shinoda M , Akita M , Hasegawa M , Hasegawa T , Nabeshima T . The necessity of adjusting the dosage of zonisamide when coadministered with other anti-epileptic drugs . Biol Pharm Bull 1996 ; 19 : 1090 – 1092 . 10.1248/bpb.19.1090 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 88 Smith DL , Keasling HH , Forist AA . The metabolism of N-alkyl-4-bromobenzene sulfoamides in the mouse . J Med Chem 1965 ; 8 : 520 – 524 . 10.1021/jm00328a025 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 89 Suzuki S , Kawakami K , Nishimura S , et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in rat cultured cerebral neurons . Epilepsy Res 1992 ; 12 : 21 – 27 . 10.1016/0920-1211(92)90087-A CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 90 Suzuki Y , Nagai T , Ono J , et al. Zonisamide monotherapy in newly diagnosed infantile spasms . Epilepsia 1997 ; 38 : 1035 – 1038 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01488.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 91 Takano K , Tanaka T , Fujita T , Nakai H , Yonemasu Y . Zonisamide: Electrophysiological and metabolic changes in kainic acid-induced limbic seizure in rats . Epilepsia 1995 ; 36 : 644 – 648 . 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01040.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 92 Tanaka K , Matsuoka O , Hattori H , Hayashi K , Seto T , Murata R . The dyshydrosis of zonisamide . Osaka J Epilepsy Res 1997 ; 8 : 31 – 34 . Google Scholar 93 Tanaka S , Kondo S , Tanaka T , Yonemasu Y . Long-term observation of rats after unilateral intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid . Brain Res 1988 ; 463 : 163 – 167 . 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90541-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 94 Tanaka S , Sako K , Tanaka T , Nishihara I , Yonemasu Y . Uncoupling of local blood flow and metabolism in the hippocampal CA3 in kainic acid-induced limbic seizure status . Neuroscience 1990 ; 36 : 339 – 348 . 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90430-C CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 95 Tanaka T , Tanaka S , Fujita T , et al. Experimental complex seizures induced by a microinjection of kainic acid into limbic structures . Prog Neurobiol 1992 ; 38 : 317 – 334 . 10.1016/0301-0082(92)90023-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 96 Taylor CP , MacLean JR , Bockbrader N , et al. Zonisamide (AD-810, CI-912) . In : BS Meldrum , RJ Porter , eds. New anticonvulsant drugs . London : John Libbery & Company Ltd. , 1986 ; 277 – 294 . Google Scholar 97 Toman JEP , Swinyard EA , Goodman LS . Properties of maximal seizures, and their alteration by anticonvulsant drugs and other agents . J Neurophysiol 1946 ; 9 : 231 – 239 . 10.1152/jn.1946.9.3.231 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 98 Uno H , Kurokawa M , Natsuka K , Yamato Y , Nishimura H . Studies on 3-substituted 1,2- benzisoxazole derivatives . Chem Pharm Bull 1976 ; 24 : 632 – 643 . 10.1248/cpb.24.632 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 99 Uno H , Kurokawa M . Studies on 3-substituted 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives. III. Mannich reaction of 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-acetic acid . Chem Pharm Bull 1977 ; 25 : 312 – 313 . Google Scholar 100 Uno H , Kurokawa M . Studies on 3-substituted 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives, V. Electrophilic substitutions of 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-acetic acid . Chem Pharm Bull 1978 ; 26 : 3496 – 3503 . Google Scholar 101 Uno H , Kurokawa M , Masuda Y , Nishimura H . Studies on 3-substituted 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives. VI. Synthesis of 3-(sulfamoylmethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives and their anticonvulsant activities . J Med Chem 1979 ; 22 : 180 – 183 . 10.1021/jm00188a011 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 102 Vajda F , Williams FM , Davidson S , Falconer MA , Breckenridge A . Human brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma concentrations of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital . Clin Pharmacol Ther 1974 ; 15 : 597 – 602 . 10.1002/cpt1974156597 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 103 Wada Y , Hasegawa H , Yamaguchi N . Anticonvulsant effects of zonisamide and phenytoin on seizure activity of the feline visual cortex . Brain Dev 1990 ; 12 : 206 – 210 . 10.1016/S0387-7604(12)80326-3 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 104 Wada Y , Hasegawa H , Yamaguchi N . Effect of a novel anticonvulsant, zonisamide (AD-810, CI-912), in an experimental model of photosensitive epilepsy . Epilepsy Res 1990 ; 7 : 117 – 120 . 10.1016/0920-1211(90)90096-E CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 105 Wilder BJ , French JA , Ramsey RE , Bergen C , Padgett CS . Zonisamide interaction and tolerance . Epilepsia 1997 ; 38 ( Suppl 8 ): 108 . Google Scholar 106 Wilder BJ , Penry JK , Dean JC , French JA . Zonisamide efficacy in long-term studies . Epilepsia 1998 ; 39 ( Suppl 2 ): 38 . PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 107 Willmore LJ , Sypert GW , Munson JB . Chronic focal epileptiform discharges induced by the injection into rat and cat cortex . Science 1978 ; 200 : 1501 – 1503 . 10.1126/science.96527 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 108 Yagi K , Seino M . Methodological requirements for clinical trials in refractory epilepsies—our experience with zonisamide . Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 1992 ; 16 : 79 – 85 . 10.1016/0278-5846(92)90010-C CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 109 Yagi K , Seino M , Mihara T , et al. Open clinical trial of new antiepileptic drug, zonisamide (ZNA) on 49 patients with refractory epileptic seizures . Seishin Igaku 1987 ; 29 : 111 – 119 . Google Scholar 110 Zini I , Tomosi A , Glimaldi R , et al. Detection of free radicals during brain ischemia and reperfusion by spin trapping and microdialysis . Neurosci Lett 1992 ; 138 : 279 – 282 . 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90933-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume4, Issue4December 1998Pages 341-360 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)
Altmetric
PlumX