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Study of large hemispherical photomultiplier tubes for the ANTARES neutrino telescope

2005; Elsevier BV; Volume: 555; Issue: 1-2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.nima.2005.09.035

1872-9576

J. A. Aguilar, A. Albert, F. Ameli, Philippe Amram, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, S. Anvar, F. Ardellier-Desages, E. Aslanides, J.J. Aubert, D. Bailey, S. Basa, M. Battaglieri, Y. Becherini, R. Bellotti, J. Beltramelli, V. Bertin, M. Billault, R. Blaes, F. Blanc, N. de Botton, J. Boulesteix, M.C. Bouwhuis, C.B. Brooks, S. M. Bradbury, R. Bruijn, J. Brünner, G. F. Burgio, F. Cafagna, A. Calzas, A. Capone, L. Caponetto, E. Carmona, J. Carr, S. L. Cartwright, Emanuele Castorina, V. Cavasinni, S. Cecchini, Philippe Charvis, M. Circella, C. Colnard, Chantal Compère, R. Coniglione, S. J. Cooper, P. Coyle, S. Cuneo, G. Damy, R. van Dantzig, A. Deschamps, C. De Marzo, D. Denans, J.-J. Destelle, R. De Vita, B. Dinkelspiler, C. Distefano, J.-F. Drogou, F. Druillole, J. Engelen, J.-P. Ernenwein, E. Falchini, S. Favard, F. Feinstein, S. Ferry, D. Festy, V. Flaminio, J. Fopma, J.-L. Fuda, J.-M. Gallone, P. Giacomelli, N. Girard, P. Goret, K. Graf, G. D. Hallewell, B. Hartmann, A. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernandez, G. Herrouin, J. Hößl, Christian Hoffmann, John P. Hubbard, M. Jaquet, M. de Jong, F. Jouvenot, A. Kappes, T. Karg, S. Karkar, M. Karolak, U. Katz, Matthias Keller, P. Kooijman, E. V. Korolkova, A. Kouchner, W. Kretschmer, S. Kuch, V. A. Kudryavtsev, H. Lafoux, P. Lagier, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, J.C. Languillat, H. Laschinsky, Lucien Laubier, T. Legou, Y. Le Guen, H. Le Provost, A. Le Van Suu, L. Lo Nigro, D. Lo Presti, S. Loucatos, F. Louis, Vladimir Lyashuk, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, C. Maron, A. Massol, R. Masullo, F. Mazéas, A. Mazure, J. E. McMillan, E. Migneco, Claude Millot, A. Milovanović, F. Montanet, T. Montaruli, Jean‐Pierre Morel, M. Morganti, L. Moscoso, M. Musumeci, C. Naumann, M. Naumann-Godó, E. Nezri, V. Niess, G. Nooren, P. Ogden, C. Olivetto, N. Palanque‐Delabrouille, R. Papaleo, P. Payre, C. Petta, P. Piattelli, J.-P. Pineau, J. Poinsignon, V. Popa, R. Potheau, T. Pradier, C. Racca, G. Raia, N. Randazzo, D. Real, B.A.P. van Rens, F. Réthoré, G. Riccobene, V. Rigaud, M. Ripani, V. Roca-Blay, Jean-François Rolin, M. Romita, H. J. Rose, A. Rostovtsev, M. Ruppi, G.V. Russo, Y. Sacquin, F. Salesa Greus, K. Salomon, S. Saouter, P. Sapienza, R. Shanidze, J.-P. Schuller, W. J. Schuster, I. A. Sokalski, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, D. Stubert, M. Taiuti, L.F. Thompson, S. Tilav, P. Valdy, V. Valente, B. Vallage, P. Vernin, J. Virieux, G. de Vries, P. de Witt Huberts, E. de Wolf, D. Zaborov, H. Zaccone, V.I. Zakharov, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga,

Particle accelerators and beam dynamics

The ANTARES neutrino telescope, to be immersed depth in the Mediterranean Sea, will consist of a three-dimensional matrix of 900 large area photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres. The selection of the optimal photomultiplier was a critical step for the project and required an intensive phase of tests and developments carried out in close collaboration with the main manufacturers worldwide. This paper provides an overview of the tests performed by the collaboration and describes in detail the features of the photomultiplier tube chosen for ANTARES.