Beyond the tropics: forest structure in a temperate forest mapped plot
2010; Wiley; Volume: 21; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01151.x
ISSN1654-1103
AutoresGregory S. Gilbert, Elizabeth Howard, Bárbara Ayala‐Orozco, Martha Bonilla‐Moheno, Justin Cummings, Suzanne Langridge, Ingrid M. Parker, Jae R. Pasari, Daniella Schweizer, Sarah M. Swope,
Tópico(s)Forest ecology and management
ResumoJournal of Vegetation ScienceVolume 21, Issue 2 p. 388-405 Beyond the tropics: forest structure in a temperate forest mapped plot Gregory S. Gilbert, Gregory S. Gilbert Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Howard, Elizabeth Howard UCSC Natural Reserves, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorBárbara Ayala-Orozco, Bárbara Ayala-Orozco Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorMartha Bonilla-Moheno, Martha Bonilla-Moheno Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorJustin Cummings, Justin Cummings Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.Search for more papers by this authorSuzanne Langridge, Suzanne Langridge Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorIngrid M. Parker, Ingrid M. Parker Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.Search for more papers by this authorJae Pasari, Jae Pasari Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorDaniella Schweizer, Daniella Schweizer Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorSarah Swope, Sarah Swope Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.Search for more papers by this author Gregory S. Gilbert, Gregory S. Gilbert Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Howard, Elizabeth Howard UCSC Natural Reserves, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorBárbara Ayala-Orozco, Bárbara Ayala-Orozco Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorMartha Bonilla-Moheno, Martha Bonilla-Moheno Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorJustin Cummings, Justin Cummings Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.Search for more papers by this authorSuzanne Langridge, Suzanne Langridge Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorIngrid M. Parker, Ingrid M. Parker Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.Search for more papers by this authorJae Pasari, Jae Pasari Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorDaniella Schweizer, Daniella Schweizer Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USASearch for more papers by this authorSarah Swope, Sarah Swope Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 22 February 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01151.xCitations: 30 Gilbert, G.S. (corresponding author, [email protected]), Ayala-Orozco, B. ([email protected]), Bonilla-Moheno, M. ([email protected]), Langridge, S. ([email protected]), Pasari, J. ([email protected]) & Schweizer, D. ([email protected]): Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USAHoward, E. ([email protected]): UCSC Natural Reserves, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USACummings, J. ([email protected]), Parker, I.M. ([email protected]) & Swope, S. ([email protected]): Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High St., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Co-ordinating Editor: Dr. Christoph Leuschner. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Question: How do the diversity, size structure, and spatial pattern of woody species in a temperate (Mediterranean climate) forest compare to temperate and tropical forests? Location: Mixed evergreen coastal forest in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, USA. Methods: We mapped, tagged, identified, and measured all woody stems (≥1 cm diameter) in a 6-ha forest plot, following Center for Tropical Forest Science protocols. We compared patterns to those found in 14 tropical and 12 temperate forest plots. Results: The forest is dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and three species of Fagaceae (Quercus agrifolia, Q. parvula var. shrevei, and Lithocarpus densiflorus), and includes 31 woody species and 8180 individuals. Much of the diversity was in small-diameter shrubs, treelets, and vines that have not been included in most other temperate forest plots because stems <5-cm diameter had been excluded from study. The density of woody stems (1363 stems ha−1) was lower than that in all but one tropical plot. The density of large trees (diameter ≥30 cm) and basal area were higher than in any tropical plot. Stem density and basal area were similar to most other temperate plots, but were less than in low-diversity conifer forests. Rare species were strongly aggregated, with the degree of aggregation decreasing with abundance so that the most common species were significantly more regular than random. Conclusions: The patterns raise questions about differences in structure and dynamics between tropical and temperate forests; these need to be confirmed with additional temperate zone mapped plots that include small-diameter individuals. Supporting Information Appendix S1. Weather patterns for Santa Cruz, California (HCND station 047916). Shown are monthly averages (1948–2007) for minimum, average, and maximum daily temperatures, and total precipitation. Data are from the NOAA National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Network Program, available from the Western Regional Climate Center (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7916). Precipitation is highly seasonal, with 96% of the average yearly total of 776.3 mm falling between October and April. Appendix S2. Location (country, latitude, meters above sea level), annual precipitation (mm), number of months with <100 mm rain, number of species per hectare (S), and Fisher's alpha (α) by minimum stem diameter in 14 published tropical CTFS plots. Data are presented for comparative purposes in the text. Appendix S3. Stem density (N) and basal area (m2) per hectare from (A) 14 Center for Tropical Forest Science mapped forest plots and (B) published temperate forest plots. (C) Location, climate, and forest type for each of the temperate plots. These data are used in Figure 3. Appendix S4. Indices of aggregation for all individuals on the UCSC Forest Ecology Research Plot, for an annulus from 0 to 10 m around each stem. Umbellularia californica and Morella californica had no individuals within this distance, and so were excluded. These data are presented in Figure 4. Ω0–10 m and the 95% confidence interval were calculated as described in the text1. Appendix S5. Maps of the 31 woody species found on the UCSC Forest Ecology Research Plot. Shown are all individuals with DBH≥10 mm. Symbol size is proportional to tree diameter. On the fourth page of graphs, the distribution of all species combined is shown for individuals with DBH≥10 mm, DBH≥300 mm, and DBH≥600 mm. The contour of the plot is shown with exaggerated scale for meters above sea level. 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