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Zak phase and the existence of edge states in graphene

2011; American Physical Society; Volume: 84; Issue: 19 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1103/physrevb.84.195452

1550-235X

Pierre Delplace, Denis Ullmo, Gilles Montambaux,

Quantum and electron transport phenomena

We develop a method to predict the existence of edge states in graphene ribbons for a large class of boundaries. This approach is based on the bulk-edge correspondence between the quantized value of the Zak phase $\mathcal{Z}({k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}})$, which is a Berry phase across an appropriately chosen one-dimensional Brillouin zone, and the existence of a localized state of momentum ${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ at the boundary of the ribbon. This bulk-edge correspondence is rigorously demonstrated for a one-dimensional toy model as well as for graphene ribbons with zigzag edges. The range of ${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ for which edge states exist in a graphene ribbon is then calculated for arbitrary orientations of the edges. Finally, we show that the introduction of an anisotropy leads to a topological transition in terms of the Zak phase, which modifies the localization properties at the edges. Our approach gives a new geometrical understanding of edge states, and it confirms and generalizes the results of several previous works.