Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Interview with William Roger Louis

2000; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 62; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1540-6563.2000.tb01994.x

1540-6563

Roger Adelson,

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. See Robert I. Burns, S.J., and Paul E. Chevedden, Negoriating Cultures: Bilingual Surrender Treaties in Muslim‐Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror (Leiden, 1999).2. See Burns and Chevedden. Negotiating Cultures and “‘The Finest Castle in the World.'”History Today 49 (November 1999): 10–17.3. James I, the Conqueror, King of Aragon‐Catalonia, Crònica o Llibre dels feits, in Ferran Soldevila, Les quatre grans cròniques: Jaume I, Bernat Desclot, Ramon Muntaner Pere III (Barcelona, 1971), chap. 129: “!podets ben dir que sots lo meylor rey del món e aquel qui tan ha feyt.”4. See Robert I. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders: Colonial Survival in the Thirteenth‐Century Kingdom of Valencia (Princeton, 1973), 3–45, 300–52; Burns, “The Many Crusades of Valencia's Conquest (1225–1280): An Historiographical Labyrinth,” in On the Social Origins of Medieval Institutions: Essays in Honor of Joseph F: O'Callaghan, ed. Donald J. Kagay and Theresa M. Vann (Leiden, 1998), 167–77; María Jesús Rubiera and Míkel de Epalza, Xàtiva musulmana (segles VIII‐XIII) (Játiva, 1987), 93–104; Pierre Guichard, Les Musulmans de Valence et la reconqu-te (XIe–XIIIe siècles), 2 vols. (Damascus, 1990–91); Guichard, “Valencia musulmana: la conquista cristiana y la construcción del reino de Valencia (s. XIII‐inicios del XIV),”Nuestra historia, ed. Miguel Mas Ivars (Valencia, 1980–85). vol. 2, 201–80, and vol. 3, 1–107; Ernest Belenguer, ed., Història del país Valencià, vol. 2 (Barcelona, 1989–90), chaps. 1, 3, and 6; Leonard P. Harvey, Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500 (Chicago, 1990); Ambrosio Huici Muanda, Historia musulmana de Valencia y su región, novedades y rectificaciones, vol. 3 (Valencia, 1970). chap. 7; Pedro López Elum, La conquista y repoblación valenciana durante el reinado de Jaime I (Valencia, 1995); Juan Manuel del Estal, Conquista y repoblación de las tierras de Alicante, Elche, Orihuela, y Guara'amar al reino de Valencia por Jaime II de Aragdn (1296–1308) (Alicante, 1982).5. See Robert I. Bums, S.J. “The Crusade against al‐Azraq: A Thirteenth‐Century Mudejar Revolt in International Perspective,”American Historical Review 93 (1988): 80–106: Bums, “A Lost Crusade: Unpublished Bulls of Innocent IV on al‐Auaq's Revolt in Thirteenth‐Century Spain.”Cufholic Hisforical Review 74 (1988): 440–49; and addendum “La guerra de al‐Azraq de 1249.”Shnrq al‐Andulus: estudios àrabes 4 (1987): 253–56; Burns, Muslims, Christians, and Jews, 39–44, 304–6; Burns. Islam under the Crusaders, 323–32; Míkel de Epalza et alii, Moros y moriscos en el Leiaante peninsular (Sharq al‐Andalus): inrroditcción bibliográfica (Alicante, 1983), index S.V. “al‐Azraq,” and its regular continuation in issues of the new journal Sharq al‐Andulus: estudios àrabes, from 12 (1995), retitled Sharq al‐Andalus: estudios mudéjares y moriscos.6. James I. Crónico o Llibre dels feits; see also Jordi Bruguera, ed., Llibre dels feits del rei En Jaume, 2 vols. (Barcelona, 1991): James I, King of Aragon‐Catalonia. The Chronicle qf James I, King of Aragon, Surnamed the Conqueror (Writfen by Himself), trans. John Forster, with an historical introduction, notes, appendix, glossary, and general index by Pascual de Gayangos, 2 vols. (London. 1883); and Robert I. Burns. S.J. “The Spritual Life of Jaume the Conqueror: Portrait and Self‐Portrait.”X Congreso de historia de la Corona de Aragón. vol. 2 (Zaragoza, 1979), 323–57.7. See Joseph F. O'Callaghan, A History of Medieval Spain (Ithaca, 1975); Charles Julian Bishko, “The Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest, 1095–1492,” in A History of the Crusades, vol. 3, The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Cenruries, ed. Harry W. Hazard (Madison, 1975). 396–456; Derek W. Lomax, The Reconquest of Spain (London, 1978); Bernard F. Reilly, The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031–1157 (Cambridge, 1992).8. Wal al‐Dn ‘Abd al‐Rahmn ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ab Bakr Muhammad ibn al‐Hasan Ibn Khaldn, Ta'rkh al‐ ‘allḿh Ibn Khaldn: Kitb al‐ ‘ibar wu‐dwn al‐mubtad waal‐khabar ft ayym al‐'Arab wa‐al‐ ‘Ajam wa‐al‐Barhor n'a‐ inan ‘arahum min dhaw al‐suln al‐Akbar, wa‐huwa ta'rkh ‘Abd al‐RamaTn Ibn Khaldn al‐Maghribi, ed. Ys̈f As'ad Dghir, 7 vols. (Beirut, 1956–61). partially trans. Pascual de Gayangos, in appendix H to James I, King of Aragon‐Catalonia, The Chronicle of James I, vol. 2, 696; see also Ibn Khaldn, The Muqaddimah; An Introduction to History, trans. Franz Rosenthal, vol. I (Princeton, 1967). 315–16.9. Alfonso X the Learned, King of Castile, Primera crónica general de EspanTa, vol. 2 (Madrid, 1955). 1037: “Partiose aquella tierra en muchos pequennos reys.”10. Bernat Desclot, Llibre del rei En Pere, ed. Soldevila, Cròniques, chap. 49: “e s'alcLà bè ah deu castells dels forts del regne de València.”11. Llrbre dels feits, chap. 370: “faeren cap d'AlacLrach.”12. See Robert I. Burns, S.J., Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Crusader Kingdom of Valencia: Societies in Symbiosis (Cambridge, 1984), 239–84; Bums, The Crusader Kingdom of Valencia: Reconstruction on a Thirteenth‐Century Frontier, vol. 1 (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), 2 and n. 13; and Bums, “The Loss of Provence: King James's Raid to Kidnap Its Heiress (1245): Documenting a Legend,” in XII Congreso de historia de la Corona de Aragón (Mémoires de la Société Archéologique de Montpellier, 15–17), vol. 3 (Montpellier, 1989), 195–231.13. Arch. Crown (Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó), Cancelleria reial, Jaume I, pergmí 947; see also Bums and Chevedden, “Al‐Azraq's Surrender Treaty with James I and Prince Alfonso in 1245: Arabic Text and Valencian Context,”Der Islam 66 (1989): 1–37; Roque Chabás y Llorens, “Vasallaje de Habuabdele Yuan Fudayl, senTor de Alcalá al infante D. Alfonso hijo de D. Jaime I de Aragón,”El archivo 1 (1886–87); 204–5; Francisco de P. Momblanch y Gonzálbez, “El rey D. Jaime y las guerras de Alazrach,”Asamblea de cronisfas oficiales del reino de Valencia 7 (1970): 213–73; Momblanch, “Al‐Azraq, capitán de moros (Alicante, 1977); Ricardo BanTó i Arminyana, “Contribució a l'estudi de les sublevacións d'al‐Azracq en les comarques de l'Alcoià i del Comtat,”Revista de investigación y ensayos: Instituto de estudios alicantinos 33 (1981): 39–63; María del Carmen Barceló Torres, “Documentos árabes de al‐Azraq (1245–1250),”Saitabi 32 (1982): 27–41; Guichard, Les Musulmans de Valence, vol. 2, appendix, doc. 68a, Arabic transcription and translation.14. See Burns, Muslims, Christians, and Jews, 1–51; and Burns, “The Muslim in the Christian Feudal Order: The Kingdom of Valencia, 1240–1280,”Studies in Medieval Culture 5 (1975): 105–25.15. Llibre dels feits, chap. 360: “e quan viren que nós havíem Xàtiva e Biar. rendés a nós tot l'altre reyne que era de Xúcar tro en terra de Múrcia. ah covinencLa que nós 10s havíem feyta quils retinguéssem el regne, e ayxí haguem‐ho tot.”16. Llibre dels feits, chap. 368: “e ach‐hi gran guerra”; chap. 370: “e aquels que romaseren en la nostra terra faeren cap d'AlacLrach”; chap. 371: “durà la guerra bé per III. ayns o per II.”; chap. 377: “nós haguem tolt a AlacLrach tot cLo que havia e gitat de nostra terra.”17. Burns, Diplomatarium of the Crusader Kingdom of Vulencia: The Registered Charters of its Conqueror Juume I, 1257–1276, vol. 2, Foundations of Crusader Valencia: Revolt and Recovey, 1257–1263 (Princeton, 1991), doc. 79: “Aladrachum traditorem nostrum”; doc. 85: “Aladrachum traditorem nostrum”; doc. 91: “Aladrach proditorem nostrum.”18. Évariste Lévi‐ProvencLal, Hisroire de I'Espagne musulmane, vol. 3, Le siècle du califat de Cordoue,. 2d ed. (Paris. 1967). 70.19. Ab al‐Qsim Muammad Ibn awqal, Kirb ŕt al‐ard vol. 2 (Leiden, 1939), 108–9, 113; Lévi‐ProvencLal, Le siècle du califat de Cordoue. 70.20. Muhammad ibn al Wald al‐Turshi, Lámpara de los príncipes, trans. Maximiliano Alarcón, vol. 2 (Madrid, 1930–31). 97.21. Hugh Kennedy, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al‐Andulus (London, 1996). 307–8.22. Llibre dels feits. chaps. 130–31 (hunger, cf. 209), 167 (shame), 174 and 179 (exposed), 180 (with Castile), 273 (tournament).23. Llibre dels feits, chap. 199: “deffenen forcLa.”24. Ramon Muntaner. Crònica, ed. Soldevila, Cròniques, chap. 10: “conqués partida del regne. altra vegada. de València.”25. Fareed Zakaria. “The Empire Strikes Out,”New York Times Magazine, 18 April 1999, 9926. Thucydides. 5:89.1; see. e.g., The Landmrrk Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, ed. Robert B. Strassler, trans. Richard Crawley (New York, 1966). 352.27. Llibre dels feits, chap. 43.28. Francés Martínez y Martínez, Còses de la meua tèrra (Valencia, 1920), 170–73.29. Infant/infante/al‐ifant (Catalan, Castilian, Arabic): a title in thirteenth‐century Castile and the realms of Aragon reserved for the sons of n king, especially the prince who was heir.30. Vizier, from Arabic wazr (Catalan alguatzir): a high minister of state in the medicval Near East; in the Maghrib the title was awarded indiscriminately as a devalued honorific without specific office, held by a governor, courtier, general, or minor official.31. Literally, “either by power or by their friendship.”32. The contradictory dates of the treaty, 1244 and 1245, are reconciled in favor of 1245 in Bums and Chevedden, Negotiating Cultures, 15–17.